- Causes of Land Alienation: Economic hardships, indebtedness, urbanization, industrialization, lack of proper land records, and administrative inefficiencies contribute to land alienation among tribals.
- Tenancy Issues in Agency Areas: More than half of the tribal land in agency areas is owned by non-tribals, with various forms of tenancy existing between tribals and non-tribals.
- Violation of Protective Laws: Despite special laws to prevent land alienation, 48% of the land in agency areas is owned by non-tribals due to manipulations and violations.
- Survey and Settlement Manipulations (1970-76): Many lands were fraudulently registered in the names of non-tribals during the survey and settlement period, resulting in ongoing litigation over tribal lands.
- Land Transfer Regulation (LTR) Cases: Of the 70,183 cases under LTR covering 3,15,132 acres, 33,319 cases in favor of non-tribals covered 1,62,989 acres, while 33,078 cases in favor of tribals covered 1,33,636 acres.
- Land Alienation in Telangana: In Telangana, 44,652 cases of alienation involved 1,71,589 acres. Out of these, 16,866 cases favored tribals, restoring 67,019 acres of land.
- Koneru Ranga Rao Committee Report: The report highlighted the ongoing issue of tribal lands being taken over by non-tribals and recommended strong executive action to prevent further alienation.
- Women Exploitation for Land: Tribal women are often exploited by non-tribals to bypass restrictions on land alienation, further complicating tribal land issues.
- Inter-Tribal Conflicts: Migration of advanced tribal groups such as Lambadas in Telangana has led to conflicts over land, exacerbating pressures on limited land resources.
- Pending Restoration Orders: The committee found that land restoration orders for tribals were pending for decades, with minimal progress due to resistance from non-tribals.
- Re-Examination of Settlement Cases: The committee recommended re-examining all past settlement cases that favored non-tribals, with a proposal to cancel the Settlement Pattas of absentee or non-resident landlords.