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Cropping Pattern in Telangana

Definition:  Cropping pattern refers to the proportion of area under different crops at a given time. It is influenced by physical, social, and economic factors and can change over time, depending on rainfall, climate, soil type, and other inputs.

Determinants:

    • The cropping pattern in Telangana is determined by factors like rainfall, temperature, soil type, availability of inputs and technology, farmer attitudes, and remunerative prices of crops.

Historical Cropping Seasons:

    • During Nizam rule, there were four distinct cropping seasons:
      • Kharif Season (June-November): Crops like jute, yellow jowar, bajra, cotton, maize, til, and pulses (moong, urad, kulthi) were grown.
      • Rabi Season (October-November to March-April): Crops such as white jowar, Bengal gram, barley, linseed, and tobacco were cultivated.
      • Abi and Tabi Seasons: Short summer cropping seasons after Rabi, mostly for paddy and late sown crops.

Principal Crops:

      • Paddy was the principal crop in Telangana, with groundnut and sugarcane also cultivated on a large scale.
      • Oil seeds like linseed, sesamum, castor seed, and garden crops were grown throughout the year.
      • Dry Crop Dominance:
      • 94% of the cropped area was under dry crops, reflecting the region’s reliance on rain-fed agriculture.

Q.What do you understand by the concept of cropping pattern? Examine the status of cropping pattern in Telangana.

Introduction The choice of the farmer on selecting a crop or crops in his given land holding is termed as ‘cropping pattern’ In other words, it can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept and thus changes over a period of time.
Body The choice of the farmer on selecting a crop or crops in his given land holding is termed as ‘cropping pattern’ In other words, it can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept and thus changes over a period of time.

The cropping pattern in India, as well as in Telangana is determined by rainfall, climate, temperature, soil type, availability of inputs and technology, and the attitudinal aspects of the farmers and above all the remunerative price of that particular crop and so on. The status of cropping pattern depends on base crop (s) and all other as possible alternative crops.

Cropping pattern invariably depends on cropping seasons, nature of soils and climatic conditions. In Telangana, during Nizam rule, there were four distinctive cropping seasons ie Kharif, Rabi, Abi and Tabi seasons.

·         During khariff season (June to November depending on area), crops such as jute, yellow jowar, bajra, cotton, makai kondru, til and pulses (moong, urad and kulthi were cultivated.

·         In rabi season (October-November and ends in March-April), cotton, white jow bengal gram, barley, linseed and tobacco were some of the important crops grown. Early paddy was sown in June and July.

·         Abi and Tabi were the short duration summer crop seasons which begin after harvesting of rabi crops/ late paddy crops sown in November and December. Paddy was the principal crop largely grown in Telangana.

·         The cultivation of groundnut and sugarcane was also on large scale. Sugarcane cultivation increased notably with the establishment of sugar factory under Nizam Sagar Project. Oil seeds like linseed, sesamum, karar and castor seed crops were grown in larger area and Garden crops were also cultivated throughout the year. 94 per cent of cropped area was under dry crops.

Gross Sown Area (GSA) under Major Crops in Vanakalam and Yasangi

1.      The gross sown area under different crops throws some more light on changes in cropping pattern in the state. Of the total crops grown in the state, the share of top five (5) i.e., paddy, cotton, maize, redgram and soyabean crops increased from 86.2% of 2014-15 to 90.1% in 2020-21 in vanakalam.

2.      During the same period the share of paddy, maize, groundnut, bengalgram, sesamum crops increased from 77.6% to 92.3% in yasangi.

3.      Gross sown area under paddy is highest in Nalgonda district and lowest in Adilabad district in 2020-21.

4.      Percentage of gross sown area under cultivation of cotton was least in 2016-17 (32.1) and highest in 2015-16 (43.1) and in 2020-21 it was 41.2 in vanakalam season.

5.      Gross sown area of maize experienced a large scale deceleration in both the seasons and more particularly in Vanakalam season (from 12.5% to 1.5% between 2014-15 and 2020-21).

6.      We can observe volatility in the area sown under Bengalgram during 2014-15 to 2020-21, however, ultimately it remained same at 5.2% in 2014-15 and 2020-21 as well in yasangi season.

7.      Highest percentage of gross sown area under redgram was 8.8% in 2016-17 and its gross sown area ranged between 5.3 to 7.5 percent during 2014-15 to 2020-21 in vanakalam season.
Conclusion Thus, with time and space we can find changes in cropping pattern in Telangana in undivided Andhra Pradesh and then in present Telangana state. There is a lot of improvement in canal irrigation. However, heavy dependence on bore-wells for cultivation has its own impact on area under food and non-food crops.
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