• This is the longest and westernmost tributary of the Ganga, originating from the Yamunotri Glacier on the western slopes of the Bandarpunch range in Uttarakhand. It merges with the Ganga at Prayag (Allahabad).
• The major tributaries of the Yamuna primarily come from the right bank, originating from the Aravallis in Rajasthan, the Vindhyan Range, and the Malwa Plateau in Madhya Pradesh. The key right-bank tributaries include the Tons, Chambal, Sindh, Betwa, and Ken rivers. The Chambal is particularly known for its badland topography, commonly referred to as the Chambal ravines.

• Its origin is at Tamakund in the Kaimur Range of Madhya Pradesh, and it meets the Ganga at Sirsa in Uttar Pradesh.

• It is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganga, after the Yamuna River.
• It originates near Amarkantak Hill, (Madhya Pradesh) near the Narmada river and joins the Ganga near Patna in Bihar.

• It originates in the Chotanagpur Plateau region, specifically in the Palamu district of Jharkhand.
• It merges with the Ganga at Fatwah near Patna.

River

• It originates in the Garhwal hills near Gairsain (Uttarakhand).After crossing the Shiwaliks, it alters its course to the southwest and enters the plains of Uttar Pradesh near Najibabad. It converges with the Ganga near Kannauj (Uttar Pradesh).
• It passes through the Jim Corbett National Park.

• The Gomti River, fed by monsoon rains and groundwater, originates from Gomat Taal (Fulhaar Jheel) near Pilibhit district in Uttar Pradesh.
• Kaithi in Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, is the location where the Gomti River meets the Ganga.
• The Markandey Mahadev temple is situated at the confluence of the Gomti and Ganga rivers.

• The Ghaghara is a perennial transboundary river that originates from the glaciers of Mapchachungo, near Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. After receiving waters from its tributaries—Tila, Seti, and Beri—it exits the mountains through a deep gorge at Shishapani. The Sharda River, which originates from the Milam Glacier in the Nepal Himalayas, joins the Ghaghara at Brahmaghat in India. The Ghaghara then merges with the Ganga at Chhapra, Bihar.
• It is the second-longest tributary of the Ganga, after the Yamuna.
• Known as the Karnali in Nepal, the Ghaghara is the longest river in Nepal.

• It originates from the Nhubine Himal Glacier in the Mustang region near the Nepal border.
• As one of Nepal’s major rivers, it is called Kali Gandaki and is also referred to as Narayani or Sapt-Gandhaki in Nepal.
• The Gandaki River joins the Ganga at Patna in Bihar.

• The Kosi is an antecedent river.
• It is commonly known as the “Sorrow of Bihar.”
• Arun, its main tributary, originates from the northern slopes of Mount Everest in Tibet (China).
• After traversing the Central Himalayas in Nepal, it is joined by the Son Kosi from the west and the Tamur Kosi from the east, forming the Sapt Kosi after merging with the Arun River.
• Before joining the Ganga near Kursela in the Katihar district of Bihar, the Kosi river divides into distributaries.The Kosi is an antecedent river.

• The river originates in the Darjeeling hills of West Bengal and flows southward through the fertile agricultural lands of Bihar before entering West Bengal.
• It then continues southeast into Bangladesh, where it merges with the Ganga at Godagari Ghat.