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  • Social Classes in India UPSC Sociology Optional

SOCIAL CLASSES IN INDIA

1. SOCIAL CLASSES IN INDIA

A. Agrarian Class Structure

  1. What, according to Andre Beteille, are the bases of agrarian class structure in India? Analyse. (2024)
  2. Explain the implication and the impact of globalization in situating the changing agrarian class structure in India. (2023)
  3. Write short note with a sociological perspective: Classes in agrarian society in India. (2013)

B. Industrial & Urban Class Structure

  1. “Industrial class structure is a function of social structure of Indian society.” Do you agree with this statement? Analyze. (20 marks) (2025)
  2. Discuss the changes taking place in the industrial class structure in India. (2024)
  3. Write short note: Industrial class structure in India. (1997)
  4. Write short note: Urban social organization. (1992)
  5. “The soil grows castes: the machines make classes.” Comment. (1989)

C. Middle Class in India

  1. Describe the main features of Indian new middle class. How is it different from the old middle class? (2025)
  2. Elaborate the salient features and the role of middle class in India’s democracy and development. (2023)
  3. Discuss the salient features of “new middle class” in India. (2021)
  4. How does Andre Beteille justify ‘middle class in India’? (2020)
  5. Write a note on the changing roles of middle-class women in India. (2018)
  6. How has the New Economic Policy (1991) affected the lifestyle and life-chances of New middle class in India? (2018)
  7. What accounts for the growth and consolidation of middle classes in modern India. Elucidate. (2016)
  8. Discuss the status of women among the emerging urban middle class. (2014)
  9. Discuss the salient features of Indian middle class. (2013)
  10. Write short note: Emergence of middle class in India. (2009)
  11. Describe the process of emergence of the middle class in India. What role has the middle class played in national development? (2005)
  12. Examine the causes and consequences of growing size of urban middle class. (1998)

D. Other Backward Classes (OBCs)

  1. Write short note with a sociological perspective: Other Backward Classes. (2013)

E. Class & Inequality

  1. Bring out the relationship between social class and mortality. (2011)
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