- Relevance of the Architecture and Art of the HarappansFoundation for civilizations: Harappa was one of the oldest prominent urban civilizations. It established the routines, viewpoints, responses, and norms that would serve as the framework for future eras in Indian history.
- Brotherhood: Despite centuries of immigration, climate shifts, and social, political, and economic upheavals, artifacts from the Harappan civilization show that intergroup violence was exceptionally low. As a result, this society emphasized fraternity, and excess riches did not cause economic splits.
- Urban architecture: In many respects, this civilization is a shining example for the modern world. The Harappans were unrivaled specialists in drainage systems, water collection and management, and urban design. This created the groundwork for today’s urban planning.
- Sanitation: The Harappans valued cleanliness and hygiene, as seen by the perfection of their drainage systems and the private toilets in each dwelling. As a result, the Harappan civilization established the foundation for personal and communal cleanliness in urban design.
- Secular: The finding of any Harappan site demonstrates that religious discrimination was essentially absent, and social bonds and fraternal concepts were stronger.
- External relations: The first urban civilization in India to establish trade relations with other countries was the Harappan civilization. It thus paved the way for emerging civilization s to strengthen their ties with the outside world. In a sense, this serves as the foundation for modern globalization.
| Different Theories of Decline of Indus Valley Civilization | |
| Causes | Historians |
| Drying of Ghaggar River and increasing aridity | D.P Agrawal and Sood |
| Flood | Macay and S R Rao |
| Low Rainfall | Dales, Vatsa and Lambricks |
| Ecological Disturbance | Fairchild |
| Aryan Invasion | Wheeler and Gordon |
| Earthquake | Raikes and Dales |
| Natural Calamity | K.A.R Kennedy |
Q. Indus Valley civilization was spread over (1985)
A. Baluchistan, Sind, Punjab and Rajasthan
B. Sind, Punjab and Kashmir
C. Afghanistan, Sind, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Kashmir
D. None of these
Answer: A
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Indus Valley Civilisation? (1986)
A. Their chief dieties were Mother Goddess and Shiva
B. They worshipped bulls
C. They had all amenities of a developed city life
D. They did not know of iron
Answer: C
Q. Metals known to Indus Valley Civilization were (1987)
A. Gold, copper, silver but not iron
B. Silver, iron, bronze but not gold
C. Iron, copper, gold but not silver
D. Zinc, silver, iron but not gold
Answer: A
Q. Near the banks of which one of the following rivers, the excavation in recent years has brought to light that Indus Valley Civilization percolated to far south? (1998)
A. Mahanadi
B. Cauvery
C. Krishna
D. Godavari
Answer: C
Q. Regarding the Indus valley civilization, consider the following statements? (2011)
- It was predominantly a secular civilization and the religious element, though present, did not dominate the scene.
- During this period, cotton was used for manufacturing textiles in India
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
