The Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP) culture 

• The OCP or the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture is named after a ceramic type which is extremely rolled and fragile. 
• It has a wash of red ochre which is easily washed off and hence its name.
• OCP sites have been found in Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh.
• Copper hoards in northern and eastern India have been linked to OCP. However, opinions vary on whether OCP and Copper Hoards are distinct phenomena or tied to different cultures.
• The evolution of OCP is separated into phases, with the third stage characterized by a significant shift in climate and migration to the upper Ganga basin and middle Ganga valley.

Painted Grey Ware (PGW) culture

• Painted Grey Ware (PGW) is a very fine, smooth, and even-coloured grey pottery, with a thin fabric. It was made out of well-worked, very high quality clay.
• The main concentration of the sites is in the Indo-Gangetic divide, Sutlej basin, and upper Ganga plains.
• Structural remains at PGW levels consist mainly of wattle-and-daub and mud huts. Unbaked bricks and one baked brick were found at Hastinapura. 
• Jakhera represents a fairly-evolved proto-urban stage of this culture. 
• The PGW sites indicate a subsistence base that included cultivation of rice, wheat and barley. Double cropping was possibly practiced. 
• There is no actual evidence of irrigation facilities, but a few deep circular pits outside the habitation area at Atranjikhera are indicative of kachcha wells. 
• Animal husbandry was also practiced.
• Iron artifacts unearthed at PGW sites include weapons such as arrowheads, spearheads, blades, and daggers, as well as carpentry-related objects.
• Iron tools such as sickles, ploughshares, and hoes have been found in mature PGW stages, indicating agricultural activity.