Phase II (1884–1911) – Mahboob Ali Khan & Salar Jung II

• Salar Jung II became Diwan post-1883 and was biased in favor of Non-Mulkis.
• Replaced Persian with Urdu (1884) and introduced English as compulsory—disadvantaging Mulkis.
• Non-Mulkis were paid higher salaries, and locals lost prominence.
• Mulkis submitted the “Mulki Patram” (petition) to the 6th Nizam.

1886 Employee Civil List

• Mulkis: 246 (52%) – salary share: 42%
• Non-Mulkis: 230 (48%) – salary share: 58%
• This widened resentment among Mulkis.

1888 Gazette Notification

• Issued by Nizam Mahboob Ali Khan:
  1. First official use of the term “Mulki”.
  2. 12-year residence defined as criteria for Mulki status.
  3. Preference to Mulkis in jobs; Non-Mulkis to get special permission.
• However, Non-Mulki appointments continued.

Religious and Cultural Divide

• Though 90% of the population were Hindus, most jobs were held by Non-Mulki Muslims (10%), causing communal tension.

1894 Civil List (Under Salar Jung II)

• Total gazetted employees: 680
  • Mulkis: 233
  • Non-Mulkis: 447
  • Hindus: only 63 (of which only 20 were Mulki Hindus)
• Non-Mulki domination more than doubled since 1886.

Maharaja Kishan Parshad (1901–1912)

• A Mulki Hindu and Diwan, he strongly supported Mulkis.
• Clashed with Kaasan Walker, Finance Minister, who:
  • Promoted Non-Mulkis.
  • Divided Urdu dialects (Northern = civilised; Southern = uncivilised).
• Kishan Parshad resisted this bias and is considered the “Godfather of the Mulki Movement.”

1910 Notification

• Declared:
  • Non-Mulki posts are temporary.
  • Merit-based recruitment through exams.
  • Priority to qualified locals.
• These efforts partially succeeded in curbing Non-Mulki dominance.

Publications and Press Support

• Pro-Mulki:
  • Hyderabad Recorder defended Mulki rights.
• Pro-Non-Mulki:
  • Ilahibaksh: “Where is a clever Mulki to rule Hyderabad?”
  • The Mohammadin: Justified Non-Mulki presence, citing Salar Jung’s invitations.

Prominent Individuals

• Rai Balamukund:
  • First Hindu Mulki graduate (Madras University, 1885).
  • Became Chief Justice of Hyderabad High Court in 1908.
• Hyderabad High Court was established in 1890.