• East flowing rivers flow from west to east due to the natural gradient of the land and eventually drain into the Bay of Bengal.
• These rivers carry large amounts of sediment, leading to the formation of deltas on the eastern coast (while west-flowing rivers typically form estuaries).

Mahanadi

• Origin: Near Sihawa, Raipur district, Chhattisgarh
• Course:
  • Flows through Odisha and discharges into the Bay of Bengal
  • Initially flows northward through Raipur district
  • Shifts to an easterly direction, joined by Jonk and Hasdeo rivers before entering Odisha
  • Enters the Bay of Bengal via several channels near Paradeep at False Point, Jagatsinghpur, Odisha
• Length: Approximately 851 km
• Drainage Basin: Shared by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Odisha
• Major Dam:Hirakud Dam (Located near Sambalpur, Odisha), the largest earthen dam in the world, constructed to control the river and mitigate flooding

Godavari

• Significance:Largest Peninsular river system, Also known as the Dakshin Ganga (Ganga of the South)
• Origin: Western Ghats, near Nashik, Maharashtra
• Course:
  • Flows eastwards into Telangana (Nizamabad district)
  • Continues southeast, flows through a gap in the Eastern Ghats
  • Crosses Andhra Pradesh
  • After Rajahmundry, splits into several branches, forming a large delta along the Bay of Bengal coast
• Delta: The delta, along with the Krishna river delta, is known as the Rice Granary of South India
• Length: Approximately 1,465 km
• Drainage Basin: Shared by Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh
• Major Dam:Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton’s Dam: Constructed below Rajahmundry in Andhra Pradesh in the mid-19th century; first major irrigation project on the Godavari
• Principal Tributaries:Penganga, Indravati, Pranhita, Manjra

Krishna

• Origin: Near Mahabaleshwar, Sahyadri Range, Maharashtra
• Course: Flows eastward and empties into the Bay of Bengal at Hamsaladeevi, near Koduru in Andhra Pradesh
• Length: Approximately 1,401 km
• Drainage Basin: Shared by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana
• Important Tributaries:Tungabhadra, Dudhganga, Koyna, Ghatprabha, Musi, Bhima

Kaveri/Cauvery

• Origi
• n: Brahmagiri Range, Western Ghats, Kodagu district, Karnataka
• Course: Flows through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
• Length: Approximately 800 km
• Basin: Shared by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Puducherry
• Significant Features:Shivasamudram Falls: Second biggest waterfall in India, located on the Kaveri River. The hydroelectric power generated here supplies Mysore, Bengaluru, and the Kolar Gold Fields.
• Rainfall and Flow: Receives rainfall during summer monsoon, retreating monsoon, and winter monsoon. This ensures a steady flow throughout the year with comparatively less fluctuation than other Peninsular rivers.
• Important Tributaries:Kabini, Bhavani, Amravati, Hemavati

East-Flowing Small Rivers

• Subarnarekha: Originates in Jharkhand, flows through Odisha and West Bengal before draining into the Bay of Bengal.
• Baitarani: Rises in Odisha and flows eastwards into the Bay of Bengal.
• Brahmani: Formed by the confluence of the Sankh and South Koel rivers in Odisha, flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
• Vamsadhara: Originates in Odisha, flows through Andhra Pradesh, and empties into the Bay of Bengal.
• Penner: Starts in Karnataka, flows through Andhra Pradesh into the Bay of Bengal.
• Palar: Originates in Karnataka and flows southeast through Tamil Nadu into the Bay of Bengal.
• Vaigai: Rises in the Western Ghats, flowing through Tamil Nadu before emptying into the Palk Strait.