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ATLANTIC OCEAN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

1. Hudson Bay

  • A vast inland sea in northeastern Canada.
  • Connected to the Atlantic through the Hudson Strait.
  • Receives runoff from numerous large rivers like the Nelson and Churchill.
  • Frozen for much of the year, and surrounded by the Canadian Shield.

2. James Bay

  • Southern extension of Hudson Bay.
  • Lies between Ontario and Quebec.
  • Notable for its use in hydroelectric projects (James Bay Project).

3. Baffin Bay

  • Located between Baffin Island (Canada) and Greenland.
  • Linked to the Atlantic through the Davis Strait.
  • Ice-covered much of the year; part of Arctic and sub-Arctic shipping routes.

4. Gulf of St. Lawrence

  • Estuary of the St. Lawrence River, forming the outlet of the Great Lakes.
  • Bounded by Quebec, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.
  • Major marine biodiversity hotspot and shipping route.

5. Gulf of Guinea

  • Found along the western coast of Africa, from Ivory Coast to Gabon.
  • Cradle of Equatorial Counter Current.
  • Rich in petroleum and natural gas, especially in Nigeria and Angola.

6. Caribbean Sea

  • Located to the southeast of the Gulf of Mexico, bounded by Central America and the Antilles.
  • A key zone for tourism, fisheries, and marine biodiversity.
  • Subject to hurricanes and a part of the American Mediterranean.

7. Gulf of Mexico

  • Bounded by the southern U.S. (Texas to Florida), Mexico, and Cuba.
  • Connected to the Atlantic via the Straits of Florida.
  • Rich in oil and gas reserves, important shipping and fishing zone.
  • Known for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010).

8. Sargasso Sea

  • A unique sea in the North Atlantic Ocean with no coastline.
  • Bounded by ocean currents: Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current, Canary Current, North Equatorial Current.
  • Named after the floating Sargassum seaweed.
  • Characterized by clear, warm, deep blue water.

9. North Sea

  • Lies between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium.
  • Rich in offshore oil and gas reserves (especially the UK and Norway).
  • One of the busiest shipping and fishing zones.

10. Baltic Sea

  • A brackish inland sea bordered by Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, and Denmark.
  • Connected to the North Sea through the Kattegat and Skagerrak Straits.
  • Important historical and economic link in northern Europe.

11. Gulf of Bothnia

  • Northernmost extension of the Baltic Sea.
  • Located between Sweden and Finland.
  • Freezes over during winters; important for timber and iron ore export.

12. Irish Sea

  • Located between Ireland and Great Britain.
  • Crucial for ferry transport and energy generation (wind farms, nuclear plants).

13. Celtic Sea

  • Located to the south of Ireland and west of Britain.
  • Connected to both the Atlantic Ocean and English Channel.
  • Named after the Celtic heritage of the bordering nations.

14. English Channel

  • Narrow sea separating southern England from northern France.
  • Connects North Sea with the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Contains the Channel Tunnel, a major rail link between UK and France.
  • One of the busiest sea lanes in the world.

15. Mediterranean Sea and Its Sub-Seas

The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea that connects to the Atlantic Ocean via the Strait of Gibraltar. It is surrounded by Europe to the north, Africa to the south, and Asia to the east. The Mediterranean has many subdivisions based on regions and surrounding coasts.

Sub-Seas of the Mediterranean

Sub-Sea Location / Description
a. Adriatic Sea Between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula (Slovenia, Croatia, etc.)
b. Aegean Sea Between Greece and Turkey, home to numerous Greek islands
c. Black Sea Bordered by Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania; connects to Mediterranean via the Bosphorus and Dardanelles
d. Sea of Azov Northeastern extension of the Black Sea, connected via the Kerch Strait
e. Ionian Sea Between southern Italy and western Greece
f. Ligurian Sea Between northwestern Italy and the island of Corsica
g. Mirtoon Sea Southeastern part of the Aegean Sea, near Greece
h. Tyrrhenian Sea Located between Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia
i. Gulf of Sidra Along the Libyan coast, southernmost reach of the Mediterranean
j. Sea of Marmara Connects the Aegean Sea and Black Sea via the Dardanelles and Bosphorus
k. Sea of Crete South of Crete Island, part of the southern Aegean Sea
l. Balearic Sea Located east of Spain, near the Balearic Islands (e.g., Mallorca)
m. Alboran Sea Between Spain and Morocco, closest Mediterranean region to the Atlantic
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