Human Population Biology & Demography

11.1 Menarche, Menopause & Bio-events of Fertility

Syllabus: Relevance of menarche, menopause, fertility bio-events, fertility patterns and differentials

1.  Evolutionary significance of menopause. (2025)
2. Write a note in 150 words on Age at menarche. (2017)
3. Write a note in 150 words on Menopause and its impact. (2015)
4. Discuss the relevance of menarche, menopause and other bio-events to fertility. (2014)
5. Write a note on Bioevent of fertility. (2008)
6. Write a note on Menarche and Menopause. (2001)

11.2 Demographic Theories – Biological, Social & Cultural

Syllabus: Demographic transition, biological and cultural theories of demographic change

1. Contemporary population problems in the light of socio-cultural demographic theories. (2022)
2. Do Allen’s rule and Bergmann’s rule hold for human populations? Explain with examples. (2018)
3. Write a note in 150 words on Demographic transition. (2013)
4. Write a note on Demographic Transition. (2007)
5. Discuss the different theories which explain social and cultural changes. (1999)
6. Discuss the racial classification of Indian population as per B.S. Guha. Mention the criticism propounded by other anthropologists. (1994)
7. Give a brief account of classification of Indian population as suggested by B.S. Guha. Critically examine his classification. (1986)

11.3 Factors Influencing Fecundity, Fertility, Natality & Mortality

Syllabus: Biological, socio-ecological, bio-cultural and demographic determinants

1. Discuss the bio-social determinants of fertility and fecundity. (2021)
2. Discuss the bio-cultural factors influencing fertility in light of the relationship between fecundity and fertility. (2019)
3. Define fecundity and explain major factors affecting fecundity in Indian populations. (2018)
4. Describe the biological and socio-ecological factors affecting fertility and mortality. (2017)
5. Write a note in 150 words on Fertility and Fecundity. (2016)
6. Write a note in 150 words on Fertility and Fecundity. (2014)
7. Distinguish between the terms ‘fecundity’ and ‘fertility’. Are the factors influencing them distinguishable? Discuss. (2010)
8. Discuss the biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fertility and mortality. (2005)