Human Growth and Development

Syllabus Coverage:

• Stages of growth: prenatal, natal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence
• Factors affecting growth: genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural, socio-economic
• Aging and senescence: theories (biological, social, evolutionary), longevity
• Human physique and somatotypes
• Methodologies for growth studies: longitudinal, cross-sectional, growth curves, anthropometry
• Secular trends in growth

Stages of Growth & Development

1. Stages of human prenatal development. (2022)
2. Write notes on: Human adolescent growth spurt (150 words). (2021)
3. What are the different stages of Growth? Describe any one of them in detail. (2014)
4. Differentiate between human growth and development and describe the various stages of human growth. (2003)
5. Describe the stages of human physical growth and development and discuss the effect of nutrition and inbreeding on growth and development. (1991)
6. Describe the patterns of human physical growth and development from birth to maturity. (1995)

Factors Affecting Growth

1. Write a note in 150 words on Genetico-environmental factors affecting human growth. (2019)
2. Discuss different factors affecting growth and development in human beings. (2016)
3. Critically examine the role of nutritional, socio-economic and cultural factors on human growth and development. (2004)
4. Critically discuss the factors affecting human growth and development. (2005)
5. Define growth and maturation and discuss the different factors affecting them. (2001)
6. Give a short account of the present-day growth studies in India. (1985)

Aging & Senescence

1. Menopausal symptoms. (2023)
2. Decline in age at menarche across generations – critical evaluation. (2022)

1. Discuss the physiological and evolutionary theories of aging. (2021)
2. Write notes on Senescence (150 words). (2020)
3. Write a note in 150 words on Issues of Elderly and Senescence in Developing and Developed Countries. (2018)
4. Write a note on Aging and Senescence (150 words). (2013)
5. Discuss Ageing and Senescence. Describe either the biological or social theories of ageing. (2014)
6. Explain any two biological theories of aging based on purposeful events. (2012)
7. Discuss the theories of Aging. (2009)
8. Write a note in 150 words on Senescence and socio-economics in contemporary times. (2010)
9. Write a note on Aging. (2005)
10. Write a note on Senescence. (1995)

Somatotypes & Physique

1. What is an anthropometric and somatotype? Describe Heath and Carter’s method of somatotyping. (2015)
2. Discuss Sheldon’s method of somatotyping. (2017)
3. Define somatotype. Describe the salient features of different components of somatotype. (2011)

Methodologies for Growth Studies

1. Discuss the methods of studying human growth with their merits and demerits. (2019)
2. Describe the various methods of studying growth highlighting their merits and demerits. (2017)
3. Describe different methods of studying human growth. (2011)
4. Describe various methods of studying Human Growth specifying their merits and demerits. (2006)
5. Write a note in 150 words on Cross-sectional methods of studying human growth. (2014)
6. Write a note in 150 words on Longitudinal method of studying growth. (2015)
7. Write a note on Methods for the study of human growth. (2002)
8. What is meant by physical growth norms? How are these made and how do they depict growth status of a population? (1999)
9. Write a note on Growth curves. (1998)
10. Write a note on Longitudinal growth. (1997)
11. Describe the methods of studying growth and physical development of children. Discuss the role of hormonal and nutritional factors. (1990)

Secular Trends

1. Secular trend in human growth can be positive, negative or neutral. Illustrate with examples. (2020)

Miscellaneous / Related Social Change

1. Discuss the changes which are taking place in the tribal societies in India and describe the factors responsible for this. (1992)