TGPSC Current Affairs – (27-06-2025)
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News at a Glance |
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Telangana: Telangana CM launches EAGLE task force for united fight against drug abuse |
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National Analytical Facility for Nutrition and Metabolism Research |
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Economy: India to Host Regional Centre of International Potato Center (CIP) in Agra |
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International Relations: India’s Stand at SCO Defence Ministers’ Meeting, 2025 |
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Environment and Ecology: Energy Institute’s 2025 Annual Statistical Review of World Energy |
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Record IBAT Alliance Investment in Biodiversity Data |
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Science and Technology: Shubhanshu Shukla became 634th astronaut to reach space |
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Discovery of the 48th Blood Group: Gwada Negative |
Telangana CM launches EAGLE task force for united fight against drug abuse
Source: The Hindu
TGPSC Syllabus Relevance Governance
Context: Anti-Narcotics Enforcement Unit “EAGLE”
Why in News
Telangana launched the Telangana Anti-Narcotics Bureau (TGANB) with a dedicated enforcement unit, EAGLE, to combat drug trafficking and cultivation in the state.
Introduction
- Telangana Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy launched the Telangana Anti-Narcotics Bureau (TGANB) as part of the state’s comprehensive strategy to combat the growing threat of drug abuse.
- The newly created elite enforcement unit under TGANB, named EAGLE (Elite Action Group for Drug Law Enforcement), has been mandated to detect and destroy ganja cultivation in the state and intercept drug trafficking activities, particularly along state borders.
Key Features and Objectives
- The EAGLE unit will function as a specialised drug enforcement wing with operational freedom to act across jurisdictions.
- It has been tasked with identifying ganja fields, conducting intelligence-driven raids, and coordinating with other law enforcement agencies to stop drug inflows into Telangana.
- The unit is also expected to work closely with schools, colleges, and local institutions to help ensure that campuses remain drug-free.
- The initiative forms part of the Telangana government’s zero-tolerance policy against drugs.
- The youth remain healthy, productive, and free from addiction is essential for the state’s and the nation’s future.
- The government is not limiting its efforts to law enforcement alone. Complementary measures include the launch of a comprehensive sports policy, which previous governments lacked, and the establishment of a Skills University to provide youth with employment-oriented education and training.
- The government has also promised to create special opportunities in both employment and politics for youth excelling in sports and academics, thereby channeling their energy towards constructive and nation-building activities.
Emphasis on Institutional Accountability and Vigilance
- The school and college managements would be held accountable for any negligence in monitoring student behavior and allowing drug-related activities.
- Collective vigilance and social responsibility are the only ways to keep drugs out of Telangana.
- The youth to become role models through education, discipline, and sporting excellence, rejecting the false allure of shortcuts like drug use.
Anti-Narcotics Efforts in Other Indian States
- Other Indian states have also launched specialized initiatives to tackle the drug problem.
- Punjab has established a Special Task Force (STF) that focuses on enforcement, rehabilitation, and public awareness.
- Kerala has launched the “Vimukthi Mission,” which combines school monitoring, community engagement, and awareness programs.
- In Maharashtra, the Anti-Narcotics Cell (ANC) under the Mumbai Police has been active in cracking down on drug trafficking networks.
- Goa, due to its high tourism inflow, has taken steps in coordination with the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) to monitor coastal regions.
- In Himachal Pradesh and Manipur, where cannabis and poppy cultivation have been concerns, seasonal operations and state-wide campaigns like the “War on Drugs” have been carried out to curb cultivation and trafficking.
Significance of the Telangana Initiative
- The Telangana government’s strategy is notable for combining enforcement, prevention, and youth development.
- By forming a specialized enforcement unit like EAGLE, the state ensures targeted action against cultivation and trafficking.
- By enhancing sports infrastructure, creating education and skill-building platforms, and setting strict accountability standards for institutions, it adopts a multi-pronged approach that addresses both the supply and demand sides of the drug problem.
- Furthermore, Telangana positions the drug menace not merely as a social or health issue but as a matter of national interest, particularly in light of India’s demographic dividend.
- The emphasis on proactive governance, community responsibility, and institutional cooperation makes this a model that other states could consider replicating.
Conclusion
- The formation of the Telangana Anti Narcotics Bureau and the launch of the EAGLE enforcement unit mark a serious commitment to eliminating drug-related issues from the state.
- Through this initiative, the state is taking a firm stand on ensuring that its youth remain healthy, focused, and empowered.
- This step reflects a vision of Telangana as a state built on youth power, responsibility, and progressive governance, not one weakened by addiction or apathy.
CARE MCQ |
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Q1. With reference to the Telangana Anti Narcotics Bureau (TGANB) and its enforcement unit EAGLE, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above are correct? |
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Answer 1- A
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National Analytical Facility for Nutrition and Metabolism Research
Source: The Hindu
TGPSC Syllabus Relevance: Public Health
Context: National Analytical Facility for Nutrition and Metabolism Research
Why in News
The National Analytical Facility for Nutrition and Metabolism Research at TIFR-Hyderabad was inaugurated to advance multidisciplinary research on metabolic disorders, malnutrition, and aging.
Background
- To address India’s growing burden of lifestyle and metabolic diseases, the National Analytical Facility for Nutrition and Metabolism Research has been inaugurated at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad (TIFRH).
- This marks a significant step in strengthening the country’s research infrastructure in the field of nutrition, metabolism, and aging.
- The facility was inaugurated by the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and Secretary, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) on June 24, 2024.
Key Features of the Facility
- Host Institution: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research – Hyderabad (TIFRH)
- Established Under: ARUMDA – Advanced Research Unit on Metabolism, Development and Aging
- Unique Attribute: First-of-its-kind multidisciplinary research centre in India that integrates:
- Basic biology
- Clinical research
- Community and public health
- Epidemiology
Research Focus Areas
The facility will primarily address:
- Anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies
- Obesity and diabetes
- Double burden of malnutrition (undernutrition coexisting with obesity)
- Lifestyle and metabolic disorders
- Age-associated diseases
The research considers genetic, dietary, geographical, and socio-economic diversities, which are major factors in the health transition currently observed in India.
Advanced Technologies and Capabilities
The facility is equipped with state-of-the-art technologies to conduct both clinical and pre-clinical studies in:
- Body composition analysis
- Energy expenditure measurement
- High-resolution metabolomics
- Targeted metabolomics
- Metallomics
These technologies allow precision analysis of:
- Iron status and anaemia
- Nutrient absorption and metabolism
- Obesity biomarkers
- Glycemic regulation and insulin sensitivity
- Growth trajectories in early life
Alignment with National Health Missions
The centre directly contributes to national health programs, supporting policy with scientific evidence:
- Anaemia Mukt Bharat: Strategies for iron-deficiency anaemia reduction.
- POSHAN Abhiyaan: Targets malnutrition through precision nutrition.
- Ayushman Bharat: Focus on preventive and metabolic healthcare.
Collaboration with ICMR and Public Health
The facility also serves as a centre of advanced research for the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) on:
- Normative Baseline for Childhood Development in India
- Setting metabolic standards for early childhood development.
Significance for India’s Public Health and Science Ecosystem
- Bridges fundamental science and application: Enables translational research to address socially relevant health issues.
- Policy-relevant research: Offers data and insights to fine-tune public health interventions.
- Empowers Indian research: Builds indigenous capacity in nutritional science and metabolic research.
Conclusion
- The establishment of the National Analytical Facility for Nutrition and Metabolism Research is a timely intervention in India’s quest to address lifestyle and age-related diseases.
- Through integration of cutting-edge science with public health priorities, it promises to generate meaningful insights for tackling malnutrition, diabetes, and related disorders — aligning with India’s broader health and development goals.
CARE MCQ |
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Q2. With reference to the National Analytical Facility for Nutrition and Metabolism Research at TIFR-Hyderabad, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above are correct? A) 1, 2 and 4 only |
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Answer 2- A
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India to Host Regional Centre of International Potato Center (CIP) in Agra
UPSC Relevance: GS 3 Economy
Context: Global potato research centre
Why in News
The Union Cabinet has approved the setting up of the South Asia Regional Centre of the International Potato Center (CIP) in Agra.
Introduction
- Recently, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the establishment of a South Asia Regional Centre of the International Potato Center (CIP) in Singna village, Agra district, Uttar Pradesh.
- The new centre, to be called CIP-South Asia Regional Center (CSARC), is expected to enhance research and development in potato and sweet potato cultivation not only in India but also across South Asia.
About the International Potato Center (CIP)
- The International Potato Center (CIP) was founded in 1971 and is headquartered in Lima, Peru.
- It is a premier global research-for-development organisation focused on potatoes, sweet potatoes, and other Andean root and tuber crops.
- The potato itself is native to the Peruvian-Bolivian Andes and spread globally through Spanish and Portuguese colonisation.
- CIP has been active in India since 1975 through a partnership with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), with an emphasis on cooperation in potato and sweet potato development.
Key Features of the Proposed CIP-South Asia Regional Center (CSARC)
Objectives
- The primary goals of the proposed CSARC include:
- Improving food and nutrition security through the development of advanced crop varieties.
- Increasing farmers’ incomes and creating employment opportunities.
- Enhancing potato and sweet potato productivity through scientific research.
- Promoting post-harvest management, value addition, and food processing.
- Developing climate-resilient and disease-free varieties suitable for commercial processing.
Financial Details
- Total project cost: ₹171 crore
- India’s contribution: ₹111.5 crore
- CIP’s contribution: ₹60 crore
- Land: 10 hectares provided by the Government of Uttar Pradesh
Implementation and Research Focus
- The CSARC will bring advanced global research and innovation to Indian agriculture. It will have access to the world’s largest collection of potato and sweet potato germplasm and will collaborate with domestic institutions to develop new, high-yielding varieties tailored to the Indian climate.
Significance of the Project
Enhancing Domestic Production
- India is the world’s second-largest potato producer, after China. However, its average yield remains around 25 tonnes per hectare, far below its potential of over 50 tonnes per hectare. One of the key constraints has been the limited availability of quality seeds.
- Similarly, India’s sweet potato yield is only 11.5 tonnes per hectare, compared to its potential of 30 tonnes per hectare. The CSARC will help bridge this gap by promoting better seed production and reducing dependency on seed imports from neighbouring countries.
Support for Farmers and Industry
The center is expected to:
- Enhance domestic seed production capacity.
- Support local food processing industries through availability of quality raw material.
- Promote exports of value-added potato and sweet potato products.
- Strengthen India’s capacity in agricultural research and innovation.
Regional and International Context
- The CSARC in Agra will be the second such regional centre of CIP outside Peru.
- The first, the China Center for Asia Pacific (CCCAP), was set up in 2017 in Yanqing, Beijing, and serves China and the broader Asia-Pacific region.
- India has already hosted other international agricultural institutions. In 2017, the Government of India supported the establishment of the International Rice Research Institute – South Asia Regional Centre (IRRI-SARC) in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
- The CSARC will cater not only to India’s major potato-growing states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, but also to neighbouring South Asian countries such as Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
India’s Position in Global Potato Production
According to data from 2020:
- China produced 78.24 million tonnes of potatoes.
- India produced 51.30 million tonnes.
- Together, they accounted for over one-third of the global potato production, which stood at 359.07 million tonnes.
- Within India, the top potato-producing states in 2020–21 were:
- Uttar Pradesh: 15 million tonnes
- West Bengal: 15 million tonnes
- Bihar: 9 million tonnes
Other significant producers include Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Punjab.
Existing Research Infrastructure in India
- India already has two major ICAR institutions dedicated to research on tuber crops:
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Shimla – Specialises in potato research.
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI), Thiruvananthapuram – Focuses on sweet potatoes and other tuber crops.
- The new CSARC will complement these institutions by providing access to global expertise, genetic resources, and collaborative opportunities.
Conclusion
- The establishment of the CIP-South Asia Regional Center in Agra represents a major advancement in India’s agricultural research and food security strategy.
- By integrating global scientific knowledge with domestic agricultural needs, the center will play a critical role in improving productivity, reducing input costs, strengthening value chains, and enhancing exports.
- It aligns with national goals of doubling farmers’ income, promoting climate-resilient agriculture, and ensuring nutritional security for a growing population.
CARE MCQ |
UPSC PYQ |
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Q3. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding India’s role in global potato production and international research collaborations?
Select the correct answer using the code below: |
Q. In the context of India’s preparation for Climate -Smart Agriculture, consider the following statements:(2021)
Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans: (d) |
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Answer 3- B Explanation
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India’s Stand at SCO Defence Ministers’ Meeting, 2025
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Relevance: GS2 International Relations
Context: SCO Defence Ministers’ Meeting
Why in News
India opposed the SCO Defence Ministers’ joint statement in Qingdao over inadequate reference to the Pahalgam terror attack and diluted stance on terrorism.
Introduction
- On June 26, 2025, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Defence Ministers’ meeting was held in Qingdao, Shandong province, China.
- The meeting, aimed at promoting regional peace and security among member nations, ended without a joint statement due to India’s refusal to endorse the final document.
India’s Objection:
India, represented by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, declined to endorse the joint statement proposed by the host country China, citing the following key objections:
- The statement did not mention the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack, in which 26 civilians, including a Nepali national, were killed.
- The statement included references to militant activities in Balochistan, which India perceived as an attempt by Pakistan and China to divert attention from Pakistan-sponsored terrorism in Kashmir.
- The dilution of focus on terrorism and lack of support for India’s stance prompted India to opt out.
The Pahalgam Terror Attack (April 22, 2025):
- Perpetrated by The Resistance Front (TRF), a proxy of Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), a UN-designated terror group.
- Attack involved profiling of victims based on religious identity and killing of civilians, including foreign tourists.
- India described the attack as “dastardly and heinous” and called for international condemnation and action.
India’s Position at SCO: Key Highlights from Rajnath Singh’s Address
- Zero Tolerance on Terrorism:
- Emphasised that peace and prosperity cannot co-exist with terrorism or the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) in the hands of non-state actors.
- Called for decisive global action against nations that sponsor or provide safe havens to terrorists.
- Criticism of Double Standards:
- Asserted that cross-border terrorism as state policy must be condemned unequivocally.
- Urged SCO members to avoid double standards in counterterrorism cooperation.
- India’s Right to Self-Defence:
- Reiterated India’s sovereign right to act against terror threats, especially across the border.
- Recalled India’s strong retaliatory actions against terror epicentres, including military operations in the past.
“Operation Sindoor” (May 7, 2025):
In response to the Pahalgam attack, India launched “Operation Sindoor” with the following objectives:
- Neutralize cross-border terror launchpads in Pakistan-occupied territories.
- Disrupt terror logistics and communication networks linked to LeT and its proxies.
- Reinforce India’s deterrent capability and send a message of no impunity for terrorism.
Diplomatic Developments:
- India held bilateral talks with Defence Ministers of Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Belarus on the sidelines.
- India pushed for enhanced regional cooperation on counterterrorism and non-traditional security threats.
Wider Geopolitical Implications:
1. India’s Diplomatic Assertion:
- India’s refusal to sign the statement highlights a more assertive foreign policy posture on terrorism.
- It reflects India’s desire to set the global narrative on cross-border terrorism rather than be a passive participant.
2. India-Pakistan-China Triangle in SCO:
- India’s move may increase tensions with Pakistan and China, who appear to be aligning positions on deflecting focus from Kashmir to Balochistan.
- May affect SCO’s unity on security cooperation.
3. Impact on FATF Grey List Diplomacy:
- India may use the Pahalgam incident to re-raise concerns about Pakistan’s terror financing and push for greater scrutiny through bodies like the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
Conclusion:
- India’s stance at the SCO Defence Ministers’ meeting is a significant assertion of its zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism, especially state-sponsored cross-border terror.
- It also marks a strategic shift in India’s multilateral diplomacy, where national security interests and moral clarity on terrorism are not compromised for regional consensus.
CARE MCQ |
UPSC PYQ |
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Q4. Consider the following statements regarding India’s stand at the SCO Defence Ministers’ Meeting:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A) 1 and 2 only |
Q. The term ‘Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership’ often appears in the news in the context of the affairs of a group of countries known as? (2016) (a) G20 (b) ASEAN (c) SCO (d) SAARC Ans: (b) |
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Answer 4- A Explanation
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Energy Institute’s 2025 Annual Statistical Review of World Energy
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS3 Environment and Ecology
Context: Global carbon dioxide emissions
Why in News
The Energy Institute’s 2025 report reveals that global carbon dioxide emissions reached a new peak in 2024 despite strong growth in renewable energy.
Introduction
- The Energy Institute, in collaboration with KPMG and Kearney, released its annual Statistical Review of World Energy on June 26, 2025.
- This report has gained global significance for tracking energy trends and carbon emissions after taking over from British Petroleum (BP) in 2023.
Key Findings of the 2025 Report
1. Record-High Carbon Emissions
- Global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from the energy sector reached a record high for the fourth consecutive year in 2024.
- Emissions increased by approximately 1% and stood at 40.8 gigatonnes of CO₂ equivalent, surpassing the previous record.
2. Temperature Threshold Breached
- The year 2024 was officially the hottest year ever recorded.
- For the first time, global average temperatures exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, thereby breaching the critical threshold set under the Paris Agreement.
3. Growth in Energy Supply Across All Sources
- Total energy supply increased by 2% in 2024, a rare occurrence last seen in 2006.
- Growth was recorded across all energy sources:
- Coal increased by 1.2% and remained the dominant source of global energy.
- Natural gas had the highest growth among fossil fuels, rising by 2.5%.
- Oil experienced growth of less than 1%.
- Wind and solar energy grew by 16%, expanding nine times faster than total energy demand.
- Nuclear and hydroelectric power also registered positive growth.
Significance of the Report
1. Challenges to the Energy Transition
- The findings highlight the increasing difficulty in transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable sources, despite significant investments in clean energy.
- The continued growth of fossil fuel use negates much of the environmental gains made through renewables.
2. Impact of Geopolitical Tensions
- The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted global oil and gas supply chains, particularly to Europe, leading to increased use of alternative fossil fuels such as liquefied natural gas.
- Ongoing conflict in West Asia further contributed to concerns about the stability and security of global energy supplies.
- These geopolitical events have shifted policy focus back toward ensuring energy security, often at the cost of sustainability goals.
3. Inadequate Progress toward Global Climate Goals
- Despite the ambitious goals set during COP28 in Dubai (2023)—especially the commitment to triple global renewable capacity by 2030—the current pace of progress remains insufficient.
- Analysts caution that the net-zero by 2050 target is increasingly out of reach unless global policy and implementation undergo significant acceleration.
Statistical Overview
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Indicator |
2024 Data |
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Carbon Emissions |
40.8 gigatonnes (↑ 1%) |
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Global Temperature Rise |
>1.5°C above pre-industrial levels |
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Total Energy Supply Growth |
2% |
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Natural Gas Growth |
2.5% |
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Coal Growth |
1.2% |
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Oil Growth |
<1% |
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Wind and Solar Growth |
16% |
Analytical Insights
1. Rapid Renewable Growth Is Not Sufficient
- While wind and solar energy are expanding rapidly, the absolute rise in energy demand across sectors has offset the environmental benefits.
- Renewable energy needs to grow at an even faster pace to displace fossil fuels effectively.
2. Energy Security vs Environmental Sustainability
- Short-term policy decisions focused on energy security are undermining long-term environmental sustainability.
- Nations continue to depend on fossil fuels due to:
- Infrastructure constraints
- Political resistance
- Economic dependencies
This represents a classic conflict between developmental imperatives and environmental obligations.
Implications for India and the World
- The report serves as a global warning that current policies are inadequate to meet internationally agreed climate goals.
- For India, which is expanding both renewable and conventional energy sources, the report underscores the importance of balancing energy access, economic growth, and climate responsibility.
- India must accelerate the deployment of renewables, reduce fossil fuel subsidies, and enhance energy efficiency to stay aligned with its own net-zero commitments.
CARE MCQ |
UPSC PYQ |
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Q5. According to the Energy Institute’s 2025 Statistical Review of World Energy, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Select the correct answer using the code below: |
Q. Consider the following: (2019)
Which of the above are released into atmosphere due to the burning of crop/biomass residue? (a) 1 and 2 only Ans: (d) |
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Answer 5- A Explanation
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Record IBAT Alliance Investment in Biodiversity Data
Source: Down To Earth
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS3 Environment and Ecology
Context: IBAT Alliance
Why in News
The IBAT Alliance’s record $2.5 million investment in 2024 strengthens global biodiversity conservation by enhancing key datasets like the IUCN Red List, WDPA, and WDKBA.
Introduction
- On June 23, 2025, the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) Alliance announced that its investment in biodiversity data reached an unprecedented level of $2.5 million for the year 2024, marking a significant increase from $1.2 million in 2023.
- This rise in funding is viewed as a critical step towards enhancing global biodiversity knowledge, conservation efforts, and integrating biodiversity data into environmental, corporate, and financial decision-making.
About the IBAT Alliance
The IBAT Alliance is a strategic collaboration among four of the world’s most influential environmental organisations:
- BirdLife International
- Conservation International
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
- United Nations Environment Programme – World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC)
Together, these organisations manage and provide access to authoritative global biodiversity data to support conservation planning, environmental governance, and corporate sustainability efforts.
Purpose and Utilisation of the Investment
- The record investment will be reinvested into the upkeep, development, and expansion of three of the world’s most comprehensive and authoritative biodiversity datasets.
- These datasets play a central role in environmental monitoring, biodiversity conservation, and risk assessment:
1. World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)
- Maintained by UNEP-WCMC in collaboration with IUCN
- Contains detailed information on the location, designation, and management of protected areas worldwide
- Essential for tracking global conservation progress and supporting national reporting on biodiversity targets and commitments
2. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Often referred to as the “barometer of life”
- Assesses the extinction risk of species across the globe, including animals, fungi, and plants
- Informs conservation priorities and is used by governments, researchers, and businesses alike
3. World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas (WDKBA)
- Identifies sites critical to the persistence of biodiversity
- Supports spatial planning, conservation investment, and site-level management globally
Significance of the Development
Enhancing Scientific Understanding of Nature
The enhanced investment will support regular updates and improvements to biodiversity databases. These updates ensure access to reliable, science-based information which is critical for:
- Assessing species vulnerability
- Monitoring biodiversity trends
- Identifying emerging ecological threats
- Formulating evidence-based conservation strategies
Integration with Business and Financial Decision-Making
According to the IBAT Alliance, the increase in investment reflects a growing interest from the private sector and financial institutions in integrating biodiversity into their decision-making processes:
- By the end of 2024, more than 200 private sector organisations had accessed IBAT data for early environmental risk screening and sustainability goal-setting
- Businesses used the data to align with global biodiversity targets, such as those in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
This demonstrates a growing recognition that biodiversity is not only a conservation concern but also an economic and operational risk factor.
Supporting Environmental Governance and Accountability
IBAT’s datasets enable governments and corporations to meet regulatory and disclosure obligations, such as those outlined under:
- The EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)
- The emerging Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) framework
The datasets are instrumental in developing nature-positive strategies, assessing ecological dependencies, and disclosing environmental risks.
Broader Implications
- The growth in biodiversity data investment reflects enhanced global awareness about the urgency of biodiversity loss.
- As biodiversity continues to decline worldwide, access to high-quality, timely, and standardised data becomes indispensable for meeting conservation targets.
- The initiative helps create a more complete and interconnected understanding of nature, enabling more effective on-ground action.
CARE MCQ |
UPSC PYQ |
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Q6. With reference to the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) Alliance, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only |
Q. ‘Invasive Species Specialist Group’ (that develops Global Invasive Species Database) belongs to which one of the following organizations? (2023) (a) The International Union for Conservation of Nature (b) The United Nations Environment Programme (c) The United Nations World Commission for Environment and Development (d) The World-Wide Fund for Nature Ans: (a) |
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Answer – 6 – A Explanation
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Shubhanshu Shukla became 634th astronaut to reach space
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS3 Science and Technology
Context: 634th astronaut to reach space & Axiom-4 (Ax-4) mission
Why in News?
Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla became the 634th astronaut to travel to space and the first Indian in 40 years to reach the International Space Station as part of the Axiom-4 (Ax-4) mission.
Introduction
- On June 26, 2025, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, an Indian Air Force officer, made history by becoming India’s latest astronaut and the 634th human to travel to space.
- He reached the International Space Station (ISS) aboard the Axiom-4 (Ax-4) mission, signifying India’s re-entry into human spaceflight after a gap of four decades.
- This achievement places India in an elite league of nations contributing not only to space science and exploration but also to international human space missions.
Background: Axiom-4 Mission
- Launched From: Kennedy Space Center, Florida (USA)
- Date of Launch: June 25, 2025
- Mission Duration: 14 days at the ISS
- Spacecraft: SpaceX Crew Dragon
- Mission Organizer: Axiom Space (a private American space company) in collaboration with NASA and international agencies
Crew Members:
- Peggy Whitson (USA): Mission Commander, former NASA astronaut
- Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla (India)
- Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski (Poland)
- Tibor Kapu (Hungary)
India’s Role in Axiom-4
India’s participation marks a watershed moment in its space diplomacy and capability, showcasing collaboration with global space players like NASA and private entities such as Axiom Space.
- Shukla’s inclusion in a private space mission emphasizes India’s increasing integration with the global space ecosystem.
- It aligns with ISRO’s future ambitions, including the Gaganyaan mission, aimed at launching Indian astronauts on indigenous platforms.
Highlights of the Mission
1. Shubhanshu Shukla’s Journey to the ISS
- Journey Duration: ~28 hours from launch to docking
- Warmly received aboard the ISS by members of Expedition 73
- Received astronaut pins in a symbolic welcome ceremony
- Carried the Tiranga (Indian Tricolour) as a mark of national pride
2. Scheduled Activities on the ISS
- Scientific Experiments: Collaborative research across domains like microgravity effects on human physiology, material science, and biology.
- Educational Outreach: Interaction with students and scientists on Earth via live sessions.
- Diplomatic and Cultural Representation: Flag-carrying mission for India in a global cooperative space setting.
National and Local Reaction
1. In India:
- Widespread acclaim from scientific community, academia, and defence personnel
- Seen as a boost to India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India) vision in space exploration
- Symbolic leap ahead of the Gaganyaan mission, currently under preparation
2. In Lucknow (Shukla’s hometown):
- Emotional celebrations with family, friends, teachers, and students
- Local schools and institutions organized viewings and discussions to mark the historic docking
Broader Implications for India’s Space Program
1. International Collaboration:
- Enhances India’s credentials as a reliable spacefaring partner
- Encourages joint ventures with private and public entities globally
2. Technological Leap:
- Exposure to ISS infrastructure and operations informs India’s planning for Gaganyaan
- Opportunity to learn from experienced astronauts like Peggy Whitson
3. Inspiration and Outreach:
- Inspires Indian youth towards STEM education and careers in aerospace
- Helps democratize interest in space missions beyond elite scientific circles.
Challenges and the Road Ahead
- Human Spaceflight Readiness: India must ensure timely and safe implementation of the Gaganyaan mission with indigenous launch capability.
- Private Sector Integration: India must develop a robust regulatory and financial framework to integrate startups and private players into manned missions.
- Global Competition: As more nations and private players enter the domain, India must innovate rapidly and build strategic space partnerships.
Conclusion
- Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla’s voyage to the ISS is not just a personal achievement but a symbol of India’s evolving identity as a global space power.
- His mission exemplifies the power of cooperation, courage, and scientific ambition.
- As India prepares for the Gaganyaan mission, such global ventures offer invaluable experience, visibility, and momentum.
CARE MCQ |
UPSC PYQ |
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Q7. With reference to the Axiom-4 (Ax-4) space mission, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1, 2 and 3 |
Q. “The experiment will employ a trio of spacecraft flying in formation in the shape of an equilateral triangle that has sides one million kilometres long, with lasers shining between the craft.” The experiment in question refers to (2020) (a) Voyager-2 Ans: (d) |
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Answer – 7 – C Explanation
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Discovery of the 48th Blood Group: Gwada Negative
Source: Indian Express
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS3 Science and Technology
Context: Gwada Negative
Why in News
In 2025, French scientists discovered the world’s 48th blood group, “Gwada Negative”, in a woman from Guadeloupe, highlighting advances in genetic research and transfusion medicine.
Introduction
- In a landmark advancement in medical science, researchers in France have identified the 48th blood group ever discovered globally, named “Gwada Negative”, in a woman of Caribbean descent from Guadeloupe.
- This unprecedented discovery, made more than a decade after a routine pre-surgical blood test in 2011, has implications for transfusion medicine, genetics, and rare disease diagnosis.
Background and Significance
- The discovery was made by the French Blood Establishment (EFS) and recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) in June 2025.
- Named “Gwada Negative”, the blood group pays tribute to the woman’s Caribbean heritage, with “Gwada” being a colloquial term for Guadeloupe.
- The woman is currently the only known individual with this blood type, making her blood autologous, i.e., only usable for herself in transfusions.
Scientific Process Behind the Discovery
- The presence of a rare antibody in the woman’s blood was first detected in 2011, but due to limited resources, comprehensive research was delayed.
- In 2019, high-throughput DNA sequencing enabled scientists to identify a novel genetic mutation, inherited from both parents.
- This represents a recessive inheritance pattern, where both parents are carriers, although asymptomatic.
Implications for Science and Medicine
- Improved Patient Care
- Expanding blood group classifications enables precise matching in transfusion therapy, especially for individuals with rare blood types.
- It reduces the risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions, which can be life-threatening.
- Ethical and Logistical Challenges
- Individuals with ultra-rare blood groups face a high risk of medical vulnerability, especially in emergencies.
- Raises the need for global rare donor registries and cryopreservation of such rare blood samples.
- Advancement in Genomic Research
- Demonstrates the power of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to uncover hidden variations in the human genome.
- Paves the way for personalized medicine and genetic counseling, especially in multi-ethnic societies.
- Public Health Awareness
- Emphasizes the need for diverse blood donation campaigns, especially among underrepresented ethnic groups.
- Highlights the importance of international cooperation in transfusion research.
Broader Context and Way Forward
- The first human blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, revolutionizing transfusion medicine.
- Since then, advancements in molecular genetics have led to the classification of more than 45 blood group systems, including the well-known ABO, Rh, Kell, and Duffy systems.
- The addition of Gwada Negative reflects the complexity and diversity of human genetics and the necessity for inclusive global health systems.
- Ongoing research is now focused on identifying others who may carry or express this rare blood group through genetic screening of Caribbean populations and their descendants worldwide.
CARE MCQ |
UPSC PYQ |
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Q8. With reference to the discovery of the blood group “Gwada Negative,” consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A) 1 and 2 only |
Q. A married couple adopted a male child. A few years later, twin boys were born to them. The blood group of the couple is AB positive and O negative. The blood group of the three sons is A positive, B positive and O positive. The blood group of the adopted son is(2011) (a) O positive (b) A positive (c) B positive (d) Cannot be determined on the basis of the given data Ans: (a)
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Answer – 8 – A Explanation
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