Species-Oriented Conservation Projects
Some species are so endangered that they need focused efforts for their survival. India has launched several species-specific projects.
Project Tiger
- Launched in April 1973, Project Tiger aims to conserve a viable population of tigers in India and protect ecologically important habitats as part of national heritage for future generations.
Objective:
To ensure scientific, ecological, cultural, and economic preservation of tigers and their habitats.
Implementation and Funding
- Managed by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
- Operates as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS).
- Annual funds are released based on Annual Plan of Operation (APO) proposals from Tiger Reserves.
Funding Pattern:
- Non-recurring expenses: 90:10 (Centre: State)
- Recurring expenses: 60:40 (Centre: State)
- Special ratio of 90:10 for NE and Himalayan state
NTCA (National Tiger Conservation Authority)
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Project Elephant:
Project Elephant was launched in 1992 to ensure the survival of wild elephants in their natural habitats. It operates in twelve Indian states, supporting research, protection, and habitat restoration.
Crocodile Breeding and Management Project:
Crocodile Breeding and Management Project began in 1976 to conserve freshwater crocodiles, saltwater crocodiles, and the rare gharial. Sanctuaries were created and captive breeding was carried out successfully. Many crocodiles were later released into the wild, especially in the National Chambal Sanctuary.
Traditional Conservation Practices
- In India, traditional knowledge and religious beliefs have contributed to biodiversity conservation for centuries. Sacred forests, often protected by tribal communities, are found in states like Meghalaya, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. These areas are respected and kept undisturbed due to their religious significance. Similarly, sacred lakes like Khecheopalri in Sikkim are protected by local people, helping conserve aquatic species.