Proteins
Proteins are often called the “building blocks” of the body. They are complex molecules made up of smaller units known as amino acids.
Functions:
- Proteins are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues, muscles, blood, and bones.
- They also play a crucial role in forming enzymes (which speed up chemical reactions), hormones (which regulate body functions), and antibodies (which fight infections).
Sources:
- Plant-based sources: Pulses (dal), soybean, peas, and nuts. Soybean is one of the richest plant sources of protein.
- Animal-based sources: Milk, paneer, eggs, fish, and meat.
Deficiency Diseases
- A lack of protein in the diet, especially in children, leads to severe malnutrition diseases known as Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM). The two main conditions are:
- Kwashiorkor: Characterized by fluid retention and a swollen belly.
- Marasmus: Characterized by severe weight loss and muscle wasting.
