Objective:
To protect, sustain, and augment mangrove forests, coral reefs, and coastal ecosystems through regulatory and promotional measures.
Regulatory Measures
- Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2011:
- Regulates development activities along the sea coast and tidal-influenced water bodies.
- Mangroves and coral reef areas are classified as ecologically sensitive areas (CRZ-I).
- In CRZ-I areas, no new construction is permitted except:
- Department of Atomic Energy projects.
- Pipelines, transmission lines.
- Weather radars for cyclone prediction.
- Trans-harbour sea links (without affecting tidal flow).
- Island Protection Zone (IPZ) Notification, 2011:
- Similar regulations apply to islands.
- Implementation & enforcement through:
- National and State/UT Coastal Zone Management Authorities (set up by the Ministry of Environment & Forests).
Promotional & Supportive Measures
- Financial assistance to coastal States/UTs under a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for conservation & management of mangroves and coral reefs.
Legal Protection
- Coral reefs are included in Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, providing them the highest level of protection.
- Protected areas established under Wildlife Protection Act include:
- 4 National Parks
- 96 Wildlife Sanctuaries
- 3 Marine Biosphere Reserves
- All aim to conserve marine life, including coral reefs.
Enforcement
- The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) has been set up to enforce laws, prevent poaching, and stop illegal trade in wildlife and their products.
