Examine the distribution of oil and gas fields in India. Discuss the key geographical factors influencing the location of these fields. (09-01-2024)

·         Geological Structure

·         Coastal Proximity

·         Tectonic Activity

·         Proximity to Refineries

·         Economic Factors

·         Geological Structure: The Western and Eastern coastal regions, along with parts of the Indo-Gangetic plains, host most oil and gas fields. Sedimentary basins like the Cambay Basin and Krishna-Godavari Basin are prolific sources due to their favorable geological structures.

·         Coastal Proximity: Coastal areas, such as the Bombay High off the west coast, are strategic locations for offshore drilling. Accessibility to ports facilitates efficient transportation, enhancing economic viability.

·         Tectonic Activity: Regions with active tectonic processes, like the Himalayan foothills, showcase oil and gas reserves. The Assam-Arakan Basin benefits from tectonic activities, providing substantial hydrocarbon deposits.

·         Proximity to Refineries: Oil fields are strategically located near refineries to minimize transportation costs. The spatial relationship between oil-producing regions like Gujarat and major refineries exemplifies this synergy.

·         Economic Factors: Regions with a balance between resource abundance and economic viability witness substantial oil and gas extraction. The economic feasibility of exploration and production influences the geographical preference for certain areas.