News at a Glance
- Andhra Pradesh: Google selects Kakinada youth as ambassador
- Andhra Pradesh tops India in anaemia prevention; leads Anaemia Mukt Bharat programme
- International Relations: India–China Engagement at SCO Summit 2025
- India–Japan Annual Summit 2025: Deepening Strategic and Economic Ties
- Global Peace Index 2025: Insights, Rankings, and Implications
- Environment and Ecology: Air Quality and Life Expectancy: Insights from the AQLI 2025 Report
- Social Justice: Kerala’s Digital Literacy Feat: From Pullampara to a Digitally Literate State
- Awards and Honours: The Ramon Magsaysay Award 2024 and India’s First Organisational Recipient
Google selects Kakinada youth as ambassador
Source: New Indian Express
APPSC Syllabus Relevance: Governance
Context: Google Student Ambassador
Why in News
- Yeleswaram resident Sai Pradeep from Kakinada district, Andhra Pradesh, has been selected as a Google Student Ambassador under the Gemini AI initiative.
Introduction
- In a notable achievement, Sai Pradeep, a resident of Yeleswaram in Kakinada district, Andhra Pradesh, has been selected as a Google Student Ambassador (GSA) under the Gemini AI initiative.
- This program, run by Google, identifies talented students across the globe and trains them to act as ambassadors for promoting AI adoption and innovation in software development.
The Achievement
- Profile of the Achiever:
- Sai Pradeep is currently in the second year of B.Tech at Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam.
- His elder brother, Sai Sandeep, Chairman of Sparks Software Company, highlighted that the selection was based on Pradeep’s strong technical knowledge in software and AI applications.
- Nature of the Program:
- The Google Student Ambassador Programme trains young students to serve as leaders and innovators within their campuses.
- Under the Gemini AI initiative, ambassadors will spread awareness about artificial intelligence, encourage students to work with Google’s Gemini AI tools, and foster AI-driven software development.
(Image Source: New Indian Express)
Significance of the Selection
-
For the Individual:
- Recognition by Google provides global exposure and access to advanced training.
- Opportunities for internships, research collaboration, and participation in Google-led innovation challenges.
- Strengthens technical expertise, leadership skills, and global networking.
-
For Rural Students:
- Acts as an inspiration for youth from non-urban and rural backgrounds.
- Demonstrates that talent from smaller towns and districts can gain international recognition if provided with proper exposure and skill development.
- Encourages digital inclusivity by bridging the urban–rural divide in technology adoption.
-
For Indian Higher Education:
- Enhances the visibility of universities like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University in global academic and technology forums.
- Encourages Indian institutions to promote AI-focused curriculum and collaborations with global technology companies.
-
For the Technology Ecosystem:
- Supports India’s growing role in the global AI ecosystem.
- Contributes to the Digital India vision and the government’s emphasis on AI for social good, innovation, and employment generation.
- Encourages entrepreneurship and software development in emerging technologies.
Broader Context: AI and India
- India is positioning itself as a hub for artificial intelligence research and applications, with initiatives like the National Programme on Artificial Intelligence.
- AI is expected to contribute significantly to India’s $1 trillion digital economy vision by 2030.
- Student ambassadors trained under global programs such as Google’s Gemini AI initiative will play a vital role in local innovation, start-ups, and grassroots AI solutions.
Conclusion
- The selection of Sai Pradeep as a Google Student Ambassador represents not just an individual milestone but also a symbol of the growing potential of rural India in the field of advanced technology.
- His achievement showcases the possibilities created when talent, opportunity, and global platforms converge. Such recognitions are crucial in building India’s AI-driven future and ensuring inclusive growth in the digital era.
CARE MCQ
Q. Recently, Sai Pradeep from Andhra Pradesh was selected as a Google Student Ambassador. The programme is associated with which of the following initiatives?
(a) Google Cloud Digital Literacy Mission
(b) Google Gemini AI Initiative
(c) Google India Digital Campus Connect
(d) Google NextGen Internet Expansion Project
Answer- B
Explanation:
- Statement (a) is incorrect: Google Cloud Digital Literacy Mission is not an official initiative by Google; the Student Ambassador Programme is not connected to cloud literacy.
- Statement (b) is correct: The Student Ambassador Programme under which Sai Pradeep was selected is part of the Google Gemini AI initiative, aimed at promoting the use of Gemini AI tools, encouraging software development, and spreading AI awareness among students.
- Statement (c) is incorrect: Google India Digital Campus Connect is not related to this programme; it was a separate outreach effort in the past.
- Statement (d) is incorrect: Google NextGen Internet Expansion Project does not exist in this context and is unrelated to AI ambassador training.
- Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Andhra Pradesh tops India in anaemia prevention; leads Anaemia Mukt Bharat programme
Source: New Indian Express
APPSC Syllabus Relevance: Governance
Context: Anaemia Mukt Bharat
Why in News
Andhra Pradesh topped the Union Health Ministry’s first-quarter review (2025–26) for anaemia prevention under the Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) programme.
Introduction
- Anaemia remains one of the major public health challenges in India, affecting children, adolescents, and women.
- To address this, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched the Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) programme in 2018 under the National Health Mission (NHM).
- In the first quarter review (April–June 2025) for FY 2025–26, Andhra Pradesh secured the top rank in anaemia prevention, outperforming other states and union territories in implementation and coverage.
Key Highlights of Andhra Pradesh’s Achievement
-
National Ranking
- Andhra Pradesh ranked 1st in India in anaemia prevention performance.
- Haryana and Telangana secured the 2nd and 3rd positions, respectively.
- AP showed an 88% increase in the anaemia prevention index, moving up from 3rd rank in 2024–25 and 2nd rank in Q1 last year.
(Image Source: New Indian Express)
- Category-wise Performance
Andhra Pradesh topped five out of six categories:- Children (6–59 months): 77.3% coverage
- Children (5–9 years): 95% coverage
- Adolescents (10–19 years): 94.7% coverage
- Pregnant women: Highest coverage among all states
- Lactating mothers: Highest coverage among all states
- The only exception was adolescent coverage, where AP ranked 3rd after Haryana and Telangana.
- Distribution (April–June 2025)
- IFA syrup: 22,99,649 children (6–59 months)
- IFA tablets (5–9 years): 30,35,641 children
- Adolescents (10–19 years): 29,84,033
- Pregnant women: 2,69,952
- Lactating mothers: 1,63,177
Distribution was facilitated through schools, Anganwadi centres, health centres, and frontline workers like ASHAs and ANMs.
Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) Programme – Overview
- Launched: 2018 under the National Health Mission
- Objective: To reduce anaemia prevalence across all age groups, with a target of 3% reduction per year.
- Funding Pattern: 60% by Centre, 40% by State.
- Beneficiaries and Dosage:
- Children (6–59 months): 1 ml IFA syrup twice a week
- Children (5–9 years): 4 IFA tablets per month
- Adolescents (10–19 years): 4 IFA tablets per month
- Pregnant & lactating women: 180 IFA tablets free of cost
Reasons Behind Andhra Pradesh’s Success
- Effective Implementation Mechanisms
- Robust coordination between Health Department, Education Department, and ICDS.
- Regular monitoring of distribution at grassroots level.
- Frontline Workers’ Involvement
- Active role of ASHAs, ANMs, nurses, and doctors in ensuring last-mile delivery.
- Wide Distribution Network
- Use of schools, Anganwadis, and health centres ensured maximum outreach.
- High Awareness Campaigns
- Health education campaigns helped increase acceptance of supplements among families.
Significance of the Achievement
- Public Health Impact
- Improved iron and folic acid coverage directly reduces maternal and child mortality.
- Addresses malnutrition and improves cognitive development in children.
- Policy Relevance
- Shows how state-level efficiency and grassroots mobilisation can help achieve national health goals.
- Sets an example for other states in implementing nutrition-related flagship schemes.
- Progress Towards SDGs
- Contributes to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being).
Challenges Ahead
- Sustaining high coverage across all categories.
- Addressing adolescent anaemia, where AP still lags behind Haryana and Telangana.
- Ensuring behavioural changes in dietary habits and nutrition to complement supplementation.
Conclusion
- Andhra Pradesh’s top performance in the Anaemia Mukt Bharat programme (Q1 2025–26) is a landmark achievement in India’s fight against anaemia.
- Through effective distribution networks, grassroots health worker involvement, and strong monitoring, the state has emerged as a model for others.
- Continued focus on awareness, adolescent health, and dietary interventions will be crucial in sustaining and scaling this success, thereby contributing significantly to India’s broader nutrition and public health goals.
CARE MCQ
Q. With reference to the Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) Programme, consider the following statements:
- It was launched in 2018 under the National Health Mission (NHM) with the aim of reducing anaemia prevalence by 3% per year.
- Andhra Pradesh ranked first in India in the April–June 2025 quarter review for anaemia prevention, surpassing Haryana and Telangana.
- Under the programme, pregnant and lactating women are entitled to 180 iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets free of cost.
- The scheme is fully funded by the Union Government.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer- A
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: The Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) programme was launched in 2018 under NHM. Its core target is to achieve a 3% annual reduction in anaemia prevalence among children, adolescents, and women of reproductive age.
- Statement 2 is correct: In the first quarter of FY 2025–26 (April–June), Andhra Pradesh ranked 1st in the country, ahead of Haryana and Telangana, based on distribution and coverage indicators under AMB.
- Statement 3 is correct: Under AMB, pregnant and lactating women are provided 180 IFA tablets free of cost, ensuring adequate supplementation during critical stages.
- Statement 4 is incorrect: The programme is not fully funded by the Union Government. Instead, it follows a 60:40 Centre–State cost-sharing model under NHM (90:10 for North-Eastern and special category states).
- Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
India–China Engagement at SCO Summit 2025
Source: Indian Express
UPSC Relevance: GS2 International Relations
Context: India China and SCO
Why in News
At the SCO Summit 2025 in Tianjin, PM Modi and President Xi revived the Panchsheel principles and announced the resumption of direct flights between India and China after five years.
Introduction
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping met on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit 2025 in Tianjin, China (August 31, 2025).
- The meeting marked a significant moment in India–China relations, as both sides sought to move beyond border disputes and explore cooperation in trade, connectivity, aviation, and global governance.
- The revival of Panchsheel (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence) and the announcement to resume direct flights after nearly five years highlight a possible thaw in ties, at a time when global economic uncertainties are rising due to US tariff actions and supply-chain disruptions.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Context
- The SCO is a Eurasian political, economic, and security grouping, founded in 2001 by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
- India and Pakistan joined as full members in 2017.
- The platform is increasingly significant for:
- Counterterrorism cooperation (RATS in Tashkent).
- Regional connectivity (e.g., Belt and Road vs India’s alternative corridors).
- Energy security and climate change discussions.
- India’s balancing strategy in Eurasia amidst US–China rivalry.
The 2025 summit was particularly notable as India and China both signaled an intent to stabilize relations after years of mistrust following the 2020 Galwan border clashes.
(Image Source: Hindustan Times)
Panchsheel: Revisiting the Five Principles
Historical Origins
- On April 29, 1954, India and China signed the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet Region of China and India.
- The preamble enshrined Panchsheel:
- Mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty.
- Mutual non-aggression.
- Mutual non-interference in internal affairs.
- Equality and mutual benefit.
- Peaceful coexistence.
Evolution
- 1955 Bandung Conference: Incorporated Panchsheel into the Ten Principles of International Peace and Cooperation.
- 1957 UNGA Resolution: Adopted Panchsheel-based resolution on peaceful coexistence.
- 1961 Belgrade NAM Conference: Accepted Panchsheel as the principled core of the Non-Aligned Movement.
- Over decades, India invoked Panchsheel as a diplomatic doctrine to counterbalance Cold War blocs, while China promoted it as part of its foreign policy identity.
Current Relevance
- At Tianjin, the Chinese Foreign Ministry explicitly invoked Panchsheel, while India emphasized partnership over rivalry.
- Its reappearance signals a mutual attempt to rebuild trust and frame engagement within a historically familiar doctrine.
India–China Aviation Revival: From Suspension to Resumption
Pre-Pandemic Scenario (till Jan 2020)
- Over 80 weekly flights operated between India and China.
- Major routes included Delhi–Beijing, Delhi–Shanghai, Delhi–Guangzhou, Mumbai–Beijing, and Kolkata–Guangzhou.
- Carriers involved: Air India, IndiGo, Air China, China Southern, China Eastern, Shandong Airlines.
- IndiGo had even planned a Mumbai–Chengdu daily service in March 2020.
Suspension Phase (2020–2025)
- Flights suspended due to COVID-19.
- Border tensions in 2020 worsened diplomatic climate, preventing resumption.
- Indian travelers relied on third-country hubs like Hong Kong, Singapore, or Dubai.
2025 Resumption Plan
- Modi announced at Tianjin that direct flights will resume soon.
- IndiGo and Air India (now Tata-owned) expressed readiness to restart operations.
- Chinese carriers also expected to return, though on a phased basis.
- Market dynamics changed:
- IndiGo’s fleet grew from 250 (2019) to 400+ (2025).
- Air India restructured under Tata Group, aiming for international dominance.
- New entrant Akasa Air may seek rights, alongside SpiceJet (weakened but holding entitlements).
- Route allocations may see competitive tussles.
Implications
- Business & Investment: Revival of trade and corporate exchanges.
- Tourism: India reopened tourist visas for Chinese nationals in July 2025.
- People-to-People Contact: Student mobility and cultural exchanges to benefit.
- Aviation Industry: Opportunity for Indian carriers to secure larger market share in Northeast Asia.
Geopolitical Context: US Tariffs and Economic Pressures
- US President Donald Trump (second term) imposed 50% tariffs on Indian goods citing India’s purchase of Russian oil.
- China and the US maintained a trade truce, but uncertainties remain.
- For India and China:
- Both face external economic pressure.
- Bilateral cooperation provides strategic hedging.
- Enhanced trade and connectivity could reduce reliance on Western markets.
Strategic Implications for India
-
Diplomatic Balancing
- Meeting signals India’s flexibility to manage relations despite border disputes.
- Reinforces India’s multi-alignment approach within SCO, BRICS, and G20.
-
Economic Opportunities
- Direct flights facilitate smoother trade, IT services, and pharma exports.
- Helps Indian carriers tap into a previously China-dominated market.
-
Security Concerns
- Trust deficit persists post-Galwan.
- Military disengagement not fully resolved, so economic rapprochement remains cautious.
-
Doctrinal Relevance
- Panchsheel continues to serve as a symbolic diplomatic bridge.
- Reflects India’s attempt to frame ties on principles rather than pure power politics.
Conclusion
- The Modi–Xi meeting at the SCO Summit 2025 in Tianjin reflects a careful recalibration of India–China ties.
- By reviving Panchsheel and restoring direct aviation links, both countries are signaling intent to stabilize relations amidst global uncertainties.
- For India, the challenge lies in balancing economic pragmatism with strategic caution—leveraging trade and connectivity benefits while ensuring that unresolved border disputes do not undercut national security.
UPSC PYQ
Q. “Belt and Road Initiative” is sometimes mentioned in the news in the context of the affairs of: (2016)
(a) African Union
(b) Brazil
(c) European Union
(d) China
Ans: d
CARE MCQ
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (Panchsheel):
- Panchsheel was first articulated in the preamble of the 1954 Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet Region of China and India.
- The principles were incorporated in the Ten Principles adopted at the Bandung Conference in 1955.
- The United Nations General Assembly formally rejected Panchsheel as it was seen as region-specific.
- The 1961 Belgrade Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement accepted Panchsheel as its principled core.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 3 and 4 only
Answer 1- A
Explanation
- Statement 1 is correct: Panchsheel was explicitly mentioned in the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet Region of China and India, signed on April 29, 1954. Its preamble outlined the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
- Statement 2 is correct: At the Bandung Conference (1955), 29 Afro-Asian countries adopted the Ten Principles of International Peace and Cooperation, which included Panchsheel.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) did not reject Panchsheel. Instead, in 1957, it unanimously adopted a resolution on peaceful coexistence based on Panchsheel, presented by India, Yugoslavia, and Sweden.
- Statement 4 is correct: The 1961 Belgrade Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) adopted Panchsheel as the principled core of NAM’s philosophy of peaceful coexistence and non-alignment.
- Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
India–Japan Annual Summit 2025: Deepening Strategic and Economic Ties
Source: Business Standard
UPSC Relevance: GS 2 International Relations, GS 3- International Trade
Context: India–Japan Annual Summit 2025
Why in News
At the 15th India–Japan Annual Summit 2025 in Tokyo, Japan pledged 10 trillion yen ($67 billion) private-sector investment in India over the next decade.
Introduction
- India and Japan share a Special Strategic and Global Partnership, established in 2014, which is anchored in shared democratic values, economic complementarity, and mutual security interests in the Indo-Pacific.
- The 15th Annual Summit held in Tokyo (2025) marked a significant milestone in this partnership, with Japan announcing a target of 10 trillion yen (USD 67 billion) in private-sector investments in India over the next decade.
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart, Shigeru Ishiba, unveiled 21 outcomes, including 13 agreements, covering areas from defence to high-speed rail.
Key Outcomes of the Summit
1. Economic Engagement
- Japan set a target of 10 trillion yen private investment in India over the next 10 years.
- Review of the India–Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to make it more forward-looking, addressing issues like market access, tariff barriers, and digital trade.
- Endorsement of Japan Industrial Townships (JITs) in India as hubs for Japanese manufacturing.
2. Critical and Emerging Technologies
- Collaboration in semiconductors and electronics, enhancing India’s self-reliance in high-tech manufacturing.
- Japanese investment in critical mineral exploration in India, particularly rare earths vital for clean energy and digital technologies.
(Image Source: Business Standard)
3. Infrastructure Development
- Continued Japanese support for India’s Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (Bullet Train) Project and possible expansion of high-speed rail networks.
- Urban transport, smart city initiatives, and connectivity corridors remain central to cooperation.
4. Defence and Security Cooperation
- Defence technology collaboration, co-development, and co-production under the vision of “Make in India, Make for the World.”
- Maritime security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, including naval exercises and domain awareness.
5. Human Resource Development
- Training of 50,000 skilled and semi-skilled Indians in Japan, in line with Japan’s ageing population and India’s demographic dividend.
- Strengthening of the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) framework for Indian workers in Japan.
6. Subnational & Regional Partnerships
- Institutional cooperation between Japanese prefectures and Indian states, creating decentralized and grassroots linkages.
- Existing partnerships:
- Andhra Pradesh – Toyama
- Tamil Nadu – Ehime
- Uttar Pradesh – Yamanashi
- Gujarat – Shizuoka
- These initiatives aim to deepen cultural exchange, investment, and people-to-people ties.
Strategic Significance
For India
- FDI boost: Japanese investments provide capital, technology, and jobs.
- Tech transfer: Collaboration in semiconductors and defence aids India’s push for self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat).
- Energy security: Critical minerals partnership strengthens India’s clean energy ambitions.
- Skill development: Enhances employability of Indian youth globally.
For Japan
- Market diversification: India offers a large consumer base amid Japan’s shrinking domestic market.
- Supply chain resilience: India as an alternative to China in manufacturing and minerals.
- Security alignment: Shared Indo-Pacific vision with India counters Chinese assertiveness.
- Workforce solution: Indian workers help fill Japan’s labour shortages.
Broader Context
- Act East Policy: Japan is a key pillar of India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific strategy.
- Quad Framework: India–Japan cooperation is central to the Quad grouping (with US & Australia).
- G7–G20 Convergence: Both countries coordinate on global economic governance, climate action, and digital economy.
- Bilateral Trade: Currently ~$21 billion (2024), below potential; CEPA review aims to expand this.
Challenges
- Trade imbalance: India runs a deficit with Japan.
- Implementation delays: High-speed rail project faces land acquisition and cost escalation hurdles.
- Regulatory hurdles: Japanese firms often face bureaucratic red tape in India.
- Geopolitical risks: China’s response to India–Japan partnership in the Indo-Pacific.
Conclusion
- The 15th India–Japan Annual Summit reflects a maturing partnership moving beyond government-to-government deals to private-sector-led investment, technology transfer, and grassroots linkages.
- By setting ambitious investment targets, advancing defence and technology cooperation, and fostering people-to-people ties, the partnership has evolved into a key pillar of Indo-Pacific stability and global economic growth.
- For India, this engagement complements its vision of becoming a global manufacturing hub. For Japan, it secures markets, partners, and resources to sustain growth.
- The summit, therefore, is not just about bilateral cooperation but about shaping the future of Asia in a multipolar world.
UPSC PYQ
Q. In which one of the following groups are all four countries members of G20? (2020)
(a) Argentina, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey
(b) Australia, Canada, Malaysia and New Zealand
(c) Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam
(d) Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea
Ans: (a)
CARE MCQ
Q. With reference to the 15th India–Japan Annual Summit (2025), consider the following statements:
- Japan announced a target of 10 trillion yen in private-sector investments in India over the next decade.
- The two countries agreed on collaboration in semiconductors and critical mineral exploration.
- India and Japan signed an agreement to establish a new multilateral development bank for the Indo-Pacific region.
- Partnerships between Indian states and Japanese prefectures were emphasized to deepen subnational cooperation.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer- B
Explanation
- Statement 1 is correct: At the 15th India–Japan Annual Summit in Tokyo, Japan pledged 10 trillion yen (about $67 billion) in private-sector investments in India over the next decade, highlighting its long-term commitment to India’s growth story.
- Statement 2 is correct: Both sides agreed to deepen cooperation in semiconductors and critical mineral exploration. This aligns with India’s push for technology self-reliance and Japan’s need for secure supply chains.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: There was no announcement of a new multilateral development bank for the Indo-Pacific. The summit focused instead on bilateral trade, investment, defence, technology, and human resource cooperation.
- Statement 4 is correct: Modi emphasized that cooperation would not remain limited to New Delhi and Tokyo. The summit highlighted institutional linkages between Indian states and Japanese prefectures, such as Andhra Pradesh–Toyama, Tamil Nadu–Ehime, Uttar Pradesh–Yamanashi, and Gujarat–Shizuoka.
- Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Global Peace Index 2025: Insights, Rankings, and Implications
Source: Indian Express
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS2 International Relations
Context: Global Peace Index 2025
Why in News
The Global Peace Index (GPI) 2025, released by the Institute for Economics & Peace, ranked India 115th, while Iceland retained its top spot as the world’s most peaceful country.
Introduction
- The Global Peace Index (GPI) 2025, released by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), paints a sobering picture of global security.
- With the number of state-based conflicts reaching its highest level since World War II, including three new conflicts erupting this year, the report underlines how fragile peace has become in an increasingly fragmented world.
- Despite this, some nations continue to demonstrate resilience, with long-term policies fostering stable societies. For policymakers, including in India, the findings of the GPI hold lessons on governance, diplomacy, and security.
About the Global Peace Index (GPI)
- Published annually by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP).
- Covers 163 countries that represent 99.7% of the world’s population.
- Uses 23 indicators across three broad domains:
- Ongoing Conflict (domestic and international).
- Societal Safety and Security (crime, political instability, terrorism).
- Militarisation (military expenditure, weapons imports, force size).
(Image Source: Indian Express)
Key Findings of GPI 2025
- Global Conflicts: Highest level of state-based conflicts since WWII.
- New Conflicts: Three erupted this year alone.
- Peace Inequality: While some nations consistently remain at the top, many are deteriorating due to wars, terrorism, and political instability.
- India’s Position: Ranked 115th, highlighting persistent internal and external security challenges.
- Pakistan’s Position: 144th, indicating deeper instability.
- Russia: Ranked last (163rd) due to war and heavy militarisation.
Top 10 Most Peaceful Countries in 2025
| Rank | Country | Notable Features |
| 1 | Iceland | Most peaceful since 2008; low crime, no standing army, unarmed police. |
| 2 | Ireland | From conflict (Northern Ireland) to stability; military neutrality, welfare state. |
| 3 | New Zealand | Strong gun laws, safe communities, cultural richness. |
| 4 | Austria | High stability, low crime, robust institutions. |
| 5 | Switzerland | Neutral diplomacy, strong governance, community trust. |
| 6 | Singapore | Only Asian country in top 10; strong law enforcement, very low crime. |
| 7 | Portugal | Declining militarisation, high safety in urban and rural areas. |
| 8 | Denmark | Strong institutions, high social trust, inclusive welfare systems. |
| 9 | Slovenia | Low crime, small and stable society, European integration. |
| 10 | Finland | High trust in governance, inclusive society, border stability. |
Case Studies
1. Iceland: A Model of Peace
- Has ranked #1 since 2008.
- No standing army; policing is community-based.
- Daily life is marked by trust — parents leave babies unattended in prams outside cafes, reflecting low crime.
2. Ireland: Conflict to Peace
- Transitioned from the violent “Troubles” era to stability.
- Benefits from welfare policies reducing inequality.
- Maintains military neutrality (outside NATO) while leveraging diplomacy.
3. New Zealand: Safety by Policy
- Improved ranking due to strong domestic laws, particularly strict gun control.
- Social trust is high — children walk to school, doors often remain unlocked.
- Strong integration of Māori culture ensures inclusiveness.
4. Singapore: Asia’s Safe Haven
- Despite high military expenditure, Singapore ranks among the safest nations due to:
- Zero tolerance for crime.
- Efficient law enforcement.
- Stability from long-term governance.
India’s Position and Challenges (Rank: 115)
India’s mid-ranking reflects a mixed peace profile:
Strengths
- Stable democratic institutions.
- Strong global role in peacekeeping operations (UN).
- Low risk of state collapse.
Challenges
- Internal Security Issues
- Naxalite insurgency (though declining).
- Ethnic conflicts (e.g., in Manipur).
- Terror threats in Kashmir.
- External Security Pressures
- Border tensions with China and Pakistan.
- Maritime security concerns in the Indian Ocean.
- Societal Concerns
- Communal tensions.
- Rising crime in urban centres.
Implication: India’s position shows that economic growth alone does not guarantee peace. Social harmony, inclusive policies, and effective governance are equally vital.
Global Implications of GPI 2025
- Peace is Unequally Distributed: While Nordic and small European nations thrive, conflict zones in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe worsen.
- Peace as a Policy Tool: Countries like Ireland and New Zealand show how long-term investment in welfare, inclusive policies, and strict domestic security laws improve peace outcomes.
- Impact on Development: Nations with higher peace rankings attract more investments, tourism, and innovation — creating a peace dividend.
Lessons for India
- Strengthen Internal Security through police reforms and intelligence coordination.
- Promote Social Cohesion by addressing communal tensions and inequality.
- Adopt Neutral Diplomacy in some areas (Ireland model) while balancing strategic security.
- Invest in Welfare and Education to reduce root causes of conflict.
- Peace as Development Strategy: Integrate peacebuilding in economic and social policies.
Conclusion
- The Global Peace Index 2025 underscores that peace is not just the absence of war but a culture of trust, inclusion, and effective governance. Countries like Iceland, Ireland, and New Zealand illustrate how sustained policies can turn fragile societies into models of security.
- For India, ranked 115th, the challenge is to translate its democratic stability and economic rise into social harmony and conflict resolution.
- As the world enters a more turbulent phase of history, peace must be seen not as an abstract goal but as a practical foundation for sustainable development and global cooperation.
UPSC PYQ
Q. “Rule of Law Index” is released by which of the following? (2018)
(a) Amnesty International
(b) International Court of Justice
(c) The Office of UN Commissioner for Human Rights
(d) World Justice Project
Answer- Option D
CARE MCQ
Q. Consider the following statements regarding the Global Peace Index (GPI) 2025:
- It is published annually by the World Economic Forum (WEF).
- It ranks countries based on indicators such as ongoing conflict, societal safety and security, and militarisation.
- Iceland has been ranked the most peaceful country in the world since 2008.
- India ranked within the top 50 nations in 2025.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 and 4 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3 only
Answer- A
Explanation
- Statement 1 is correct: The Global Peace Index is published annually by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP), an independent think tank based in Sydney, Australia. It is not published by the UN, IMF, or World Bank.
- Statement 2 is correct: The Index ranks 163 countries using 23 indicators under three domains — ongoing conflict, societal safety and security, and militarisation. These indicators include crime levels, terrorism impact, military spending, and external conflicts.
- Statement 3 is correct: In the 2025 rankings, Singapore is the only Asian country in the top 10, placed at 6th position, while most other Asian nations rank much lower due to conflict and instability.
- Statement 4 is incorrect: India ranked 115th in 2025, not within the top 100. This reflects challenges from internal conflicts, communal tensions, and border disputes.
- Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Air Quality and Life Expectancy: Insights from the AQLI 2025 Report
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS3 Environment and Ecology
Context: AQLI 2025 Report
Why in News?
The Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) 2025 report highlights that all Indians breathe air exceeding WHO’s safe PM2.5 limit, with northern plains being the worst affected and life expectancy losses being highest in Delhi.
Introduction
- Air pollution has emerged as one of the most critical environmental and health challenges of the 21st century.
- The Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) 2025 annual update, prepared by the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC), underscores how fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) significantly reduces life expectancy worldwide.
- For India in particular, the findings highlight a severe and persistent public health crisis, with implications for economic productivity, urban development, and regional cooperation.
Key Findings: India’s Air Quality Status
1. Universal Exposure to Unsafe Air
- The report shows that all Indians breathe air dirtier than the WHO’s safe threshold of 5 µg/m³ (annual PM2.5 limit).
- The situation is not limited to metropolitan hubs like Delhi, Kanpur, and Ghaziabad—the entire population of India is exposed to unsafe air.
(Image Source: The Hindu)
2. Northern Plains: The Worst Affected
- The Indo-Gangetic Plain remains the most polluted region, exposing an estimated 544.4 million people to hazardous levels of PM2.5.
- This is attributed to geographical, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors like crop burning, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and winter inversion layers.
3. India’s Own Standards Breached
- Even by India’s lenient national PM2.5 standard of 40 µg/m³, nearly 46% of the population lives in areas where the limit has been breached.
- This indicates a gap between regulatory standards and ground-level enforcement.
Life Expectancy Impact
- According to AQLI, Delhi would experience the greatest gain in life expectancy (+8.2 years) if PM2.5 levels were reduced to WHO guidelines.
- Nationwide, even residents of India’s “cleanest” regions could live 9.4 months longer with cleaner air.
- This highlights the hidden health costs of air pollution, which often do not feature in GDP or growth calculations.
Regional Dimension: South Asia
- The report emphasizes that air pollution transcends borders, with emissions from India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan collectively blanketing the region.
- Bangladesh remains the most polluted country globally, with PM2.5 levels 12 times higher than WHO guidelines.
- Life expectancy gains in Bangladesh could reach 5.5 years nationally and 7.1 years in Gazipur if pollution were controlled.
- This makes air pollution a regional challenge requiring transboundary cooperation, similar to climate change negotiations.
Global Context
1. China’s Relative Success
- Despite a 2.8% rise in PM2.5 in 2023, China’s air quality is 40.8% cleaner than in 2014.
- Policy interventions include:
- Limiting car numbers in mega-cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou).
- Restricting coal-based power plants in certain regions.
- Promoting cleaner domestic heating solutions.
- Reducing steel and iron production capacity.
- This demonstrates that state-led interventions can yield measurable improvements.
2. Other Regions
- North America (US and Canada): Noted a sharp spike in 2023 due to wildfires.
- Latin America: Bolivia entered the top 10 most polluted countries for the first time since 2010.
- Africa:
- Some regions (Central and Western Africa) showed slight improvements.
- However, in countries like Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, air pollution has become a greater threat to life than HIV/AIDS, malaria, and contaminated water.
Broader Implications
1. Public Health
- Air pollution is now identified as the greatest external threat to human life expectancy, surpassing traditional communicable diseases.
- It contributes to cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and impaired child development.
2. Economic Costs
- Lost productivity due to illness, healthcare burden, and reduced labor force participation directly affect India’s demographic dividend and growth potential.
3. Governance Challenge
- While India has launched initiatives like the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) and Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) for Delhi NCR, enforcement remains uneven.
- Effective implementation requires coordination between Union, State, and Local bodies as well as regional diplomacy with South Asian neighbors.
Way Forward
- Strengthen Standards & Enforcement
- Align India’s national standards with WHO guidelines.
- Strengthen monitoring, especially in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities.
- Sectoral Reforms
- Transport: Promote EVs, public transport, and stricter vehicular emission norms.
- Industry: Transition to cleaner fuels and technologies, enforce stack monitoring.
- Agriculture: Provide alternatives to crop-residue burning (e.g., bio-CNG plants, Happy Seeders).
- Regional Cooperation
- Establish a South Asian Air Quality Compact for joint action, akin to climate treaties.
- Share technology and best practices with neighbors.
- Public Awareness & Citizen Engagement
- Campaigns linking air quality to health outcomes can build public pressure for action.
Conclusion
- The AQLI 2025 report makes it clear that air pollution is not merely an environmental issue but a developmental challenge.
- For India, reducing PM2.5 levels could unlock enormous health gains, add years to life expectancy, and enhance economic productivity.
- Lessons from China show that sustained policy interventions can yield results.
- Thus, addressing air pollution requires a multi-pronged approach combining regulation, technology, public participation, and regional cooperation to safeguard both public health and sustainable development.
UPSC PYQ
Q. In the cities of our country, which among the following atmospheric gases are normally considered in calculating the value of Air Quality Index? (2016)
- Carbon dioxide
- Carbon monoxide
- Nitrogen dioxide
- Sulfur dioxide
- Methane
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Ans: (b)
CARE MCQ
Q. With reference to the Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) 2025 report, consider the following statements:
- The AQLI is prepared annually by the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago.
- As per the report, almost half of India’s population lives in areas that breach even India’s own national PM2.5 standard.
- Bangladesh continues to be the most polluted country in South Asia, with PM2.5 concentrations about 12 times higher than WHO guidelines.
- China’s air quality has worsened consistently over the last decade due to expansion in coal-based power generation.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer – B
Explanation –
- Statement 1 is correct: The Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) is indeed prepared by the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC). The 2025 update is based on 2023 global pollution data.
- Statement 2 is correct: According to the report, about 46% of India’s population lives in areas exceeding even India’s own national PM2.5 standard of 40 µg/m³, showing that the problem is not just relative to the stricter WHO limits.
- Statement 3 is correct: Bangladesh remains the most polluted country in South Asia, with average PM2.5 levels about 12 times higher than the WHO guideline of 5 µg/m³. The report notes potential life expectancy gains of 5.5 years nationally and 7.1 years in Gazipur if pollution were controlled.
- Statement 4 is incorrect: China’s air quality has improved over the past decade, with PM2.5 levels 40.8% lower in 2023 compared to 2014, despite a small 2.8% rise in 2023. This is due to strict pollution control policies like limiting coal plants, restricting car numbers, and cleaner heating solutions.
- Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Kerala’s Digital Literacy Feat: From Pullampara to a Digitally Literate State
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS2 Social Justice
Context: Digital Literacy
Why in News?
On 21 August 2025, Kerala became the first fully digitally literate State in India through the Digi Kerala programme, inspired by the Pullampara panchayat model.
Introduction
- On 21 August 2025, Kerala became the first fully digitally literate State in India.
- The achievement came after the successful implementation of the Digi Kerala programme, a grassroots initiative modeled on the earlier Digi Pullampara project.
- With 21.87 lakh digitally illiterate people trained and certified, Kerala demonstrated how community-driven, volunteer-based interventions can bridge the digital divide.
This feat represents not just digital inclusion, but also an innovative model of participatory governance similar to the Total Literacy Campaign of the late 1980s.
Origin: The Pullampara Model
The idea of digital literacy emerged bottom-up, not as a top-down policy.
- Context:
In 2021, officials in Pullampara Panchayat (Thiruvananthapuram district) observed long queues at banks, especially of MGNREGS and daily wage workers, who lost daily wages merely to check their balance. - Response:
The panchayat launched ‘Digi Pullampara’, aiming to make the entire panchayat digitally literate.
(Image Source: the Hindu)
- Implementation:
- Survey: Identified 3,917 digitally illiterate persons.
- Training: Provided to 3,300 (rest were bedridden).
- Curriculum: 15 tasks in 3 modules (voice/video calls, WhatsApp, digital payments, accessing govt services).
- Evaluation: Passing required completing 6 out of 15 tasks. Success rate was 96.18%.
- Volunteers:
- NSS students from colleges and schools.
- Kudumbashree volunteers.
- SC/ST promoters and library council members.
- Training sites included MGNREGS worksites and neighbourhood groups.
- Milestone:
In September 2022, Pullampara was declared the first fully digitally literate panchayat in Kerala, and the model was scaled statewide.
Scaling Up: Statewide Expansion
The Local Self Government Department replicated the Pullampara model across Kerala.
- Training of Trainers
- Pullampara’s core team trained master trainers at the Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA).
- These master trainers trained 2.57 lakh volunteers statewide.
- Survey & Coverage
- 1.51 crore people from 83.45 lakh households surveyed.
- 21.88 lakh identified as digitally illiterate.
- Training & Evaluation
- 21.87 lakh people cleared evaluation (Economics & Statistics Dept. was the third-party evaluator).
- Re-training done in panchayats with >10% failure rate.
- Inclusivity
Unlike the National Digital Literacy Mission (limited to 60 years), Digi Kerala covered all age groups:- 15,221 trainees above 90 years.
- 7.77 lakh between 60–75 years.
- 1.35 lakh between 76–90 years.
- Gender distribution: Over 13 lakh women, 8 lakh men, and 1,644 transgender persons.
What Did They Learn?
The programme emphasized functional smartphone literacy over computer-based training:
- Making voice and video calls.
- Using WhatsApp and social media.
- Conducting digital transactions (UPI, mobile banking).
- Accessing government services online.
- Identifying cyber fraud and fake news (in Phase 2).
Why Smartphones Over Computers?
- Practicality: Smartphones are ubiquitous even in low-income households.
- Accessibility: Easier to use for elderly and semi-literate populations.
- Relevance: Daily life services (banking, payments, e-governance) are mostly mobile-based.
- Cost factor: Smartphones are cheaper than computers.
Thus, Kerala redefined digital literacy as the ability to navigate daily life through smartphones.
Data Insights
- Surveyed population: 1.51 crore.
- Digitally illiterate identified: 21.88 lakh.
- Successfully trained: 21.87 lakh.
- Volunteers mobilized: 2.57 lakh.
- Age inclusivity: From 18 to 100+ years.
- Gender inclusivity: Women majority (13+ lakh trainees).
The scale and inclusivity reflect Kerala’s success in community mobilization.
The Road Ahead: Digi Kerala 2.0
At the State declaration, CM Pinarayi Vijayan announced Digi Kerala 2.0 with advanced goals:
- Cybersecurity literacy – awareness on cyber frauds and scams.
- Media literacy – ability to identify and reject fake news.
- Service access – intensive training to use digital platforms for government services.
- Integration with larger projects:
- Kerala Fibre Optic Network (KFON): Ensuring universal internet access; free internet to 14,000 BPL families, plus 74,203 commercial connections.
- K-SMART Project: Digitization of all local self-government services on a single platform.
Significance
- Governance: Enhances efficiency of e-governance delivery.
- Social inclusion: Empowers marginalized groups (MGNREGS workers, elderly, women).
- Economic impact: Promotes digital payments and financial inclusion.
- Model for India: Kerala’s approach may guide national digital literacy policy towards smartphone-centric inclusion.
Conclusion
- Kerala’s digital literacy achievement showcases how bottom-up innovation, community participation, and volunteer mobilization can transform governance.
- By prioritizing smartphones over computers, the State aligned digital literacy with the realities of people’s lives, ensuring inclusivity across age, gender, and socio-economic backgrounds.
- With Digi Kerala 2.0, KFON, and K-SMART, the State is poised to deepen digital empowerment and narrow the digital divide.
UPSC PYQ
Q. Which of the following provisions of the Constitution does India have a bearing on Education? (2012)
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Rural and Urban Local Bodies
- Fifth Schedule
- Sixth Schedule
- Seventh Schedule
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3, 4 and 5 only
(c) 1, 2 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Ans- (d)
CARE MCQ
Q. Consider the following statements regarding Kerala’s Digi Kerala programme:
- The idea of the programme originated in Pullampara Panchayat of Thiruvananthapuram.
- The programme focused on computer-based training, in line with the National Digital Literacy Mission guidelines.
- Volunteers from NSS, Kudumbashree, and SC/ST promoter groups were involved in the training.
- Kerala included all age groups, even those above 100 years, under the programme.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 1, 3 and 4 only
(C) 2 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer – B
Explanation –
- Statement 1 is correct: The Digi Kerala programme originated in Pullampara Panchayat, Thiruvananthapuram, where the Digi Pullampara initiative was launched in 2021 to teach daily-wage workers and MGNREGS labourers basic smartphone skills.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: Unlike the National Digital Literacy Mission which focuses on computer-based training up to 60 years of age, Kerala shifted the focus to smartphone-based literacy and extended it to all age groups.
- Statement 3 is correct: The training process relied heavily on volunteers—including NSS students, Kudumbashree workers, SC/ST promoters, and library council members—who conducted training at MGNREGS worksites, neighbourhood groups, and households.
- Statement 4 is correct: Kerala ensured inclusivity by covering all age groups, including elderly persons above 90 years, and even some participants above 100 years, making it more comprehensive than national guidelines.
- Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
The Ramon Magsaysay Award 2024 and India’s First Organisational Recipient
Source: Indian Express
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: Awards and Honours
Context: Ramon Magsaysay Award (2024)
Why in News?
Educate Girls became the first Indian organisation to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award (2024) for its work in addressing gender disparity in education.
Introduction
- On August 31, 2024, the Foundation to Educate Girls Globally (Educate Girls), a non-profit organisation working to improve girls’ education in India, was conferred the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award.
- This marked the first time an Indian organisation received the honour, although several Indian individuals have been recipients in the past.
- The award, often called the “Nobel Prize of Asia”, celebrates exceptional service in leadership, social change, and grassroots impact. Its recognition of Educate Girls highlights the significance of education in breaking cultural and social barriers in South Asia.
About Educate Girls
- Founded: 2007 by Safeena Husain.
- Objective: To bridge the gender gap in education in rural and disadvantaged regions of India.
- Work:
- Operates in remote and marginalized districts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh.
- Mobilises communities to ensure out-of-school girls are enrolled in schools.
- Focuses on retention, learning outcomes, and gender equality in education.
- Uses community volunteers (“Team Balika”) to spread awareness and mobilise resources.
(Image Source: Indian Express)
- Impact:
- Brought 1.9 million+ girls back to school since inception.
- Integrated skills, confidence, and empowerment into education.
- Recognised globally for scalable and cost-effective models of social change.
- The Ramon Magsaysay Foundation lauded the group’s “commitment to addressing cultural stereotyping through the education of girls and young women, liberating them from illiteracy and infusing them with courage, agency, and skills.”
The Ramon Magsaysay Award: An Overview
- Established: 1957, by trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (USA) in cooperation with the Philippine government.
- First presented: 1958.
- Named after: Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay, the seventh President of the Philippines (1953–1957).
- Purpose: Recognises outstanding leadership, integrity in governance, and transformative community service in Asia.
- Reputation: Known as Asia’s equivalent of the Nobel Prize.
- Award Ceremony: August 31 (Magsaysay’s birth anniversary) each year in Manila, Philippines.
- Award Components:
- Certificate of recognition.
- Medallion embossed with Magsaysay’s profile.
- Fields of recognition include:
- Government service.
- Public service.
- Community leadership.
- Journalism, literature, and creative arts.
- Peace and international understanding.
- Emergent leadership.
Ramon Magsaysay: The Man Behind the Award
- Born: August 31, 1907, in Iba, Philippines.
- Background:
- Father: Blacksmith.
- Mother: Teacher.
- Early career: Automobile mechanic.
- World War II role: Guerrilla leader against Japanese occupation (1941–45). Became a military governor for his bravery.
- Political career:
- Elected to the Philippine House of Representatives in 1946.
- Appointed Secretary of National Defence (1950).
- Became President of the Philippines on December 30, 1953 (under Nationalist Party).
- Legacy:
- Known for incorruptible leadership, simplicity, and connecting directly with citizens.
- Championed anti-communism, rural development, and democratic values.
- Death: Died in an air crash on March 17, 1957.
- The award was established soon after to commemorate his life and ideals.
Indian Recipients of the Ramon Magsaysay Award
- India has had a rich history of recipients who have demonstrated excellence in governance, activism, and public service:
- Vinoba Bhave (1958) – Land reform through Bhoodan movement.
- Jayaprakash Narayan (1965) – Leadership in social reform.
- Mother Teresa (1962) – Humanitarian service.
- M.S. Subbulakshmi (1974) – Music and culture.
- Arvind Kejriwal (2006) – Public service and grassroots governance.
- Bezwada Wilson (2016) – Fight against manual scavenging.
- Ravish Kumar (2019) – Journalism.
- Sonam Wangchuk (2018) – Education and environment in Ladakh.
- Now, in 2024, Educate Girls became the first Indian organisation to receive the award.
Significance of the 2024 Award
- Recognition of Gender Equality Goals: Aligns with SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality).
- Spotlight on Community-Driven Change: Shows the power of grassroots volunteers in addressing entrenched social barriers.
- India’s Global Image: Highlights India’s contribution to social innovation and educational reform.
- Inspirational for Policy: Reinforces the importance of non-state actors in complementing government efforts in education.
Conclusion
- The Ramon Magsaysay Award to Educate Girls in 2024 is not just a recognition of an organisation but also of the transformative power of education in reshaping societies.
- By focusing on girls and young women, Educate Girls has created a ripple effect—enhancing literacy, reducing early marriages, and empowering communities.
UPSC PYQ
Q. Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards.
(1) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titles under the Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
(2) Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
(3) The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year.
Which of the above statements are not correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
CARE MCQ
Q. Consider the following statements regarding the Ramon Magsaysay Award:
- It was established in 1957 by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund in collaboration with the Government of the Philippines.
- The award is presented annually in New Delhi on the birth anniversary of Ramon Magsaysay.
- The Foundation to Educate Girls Globally (Educate Girls) is the first Indian organisation to receive this award.
- Ramon Magsaysay was the seventh President of the Philippines, known for his incorruptible leadership and connection with common people.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1, 3 and 4 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer – A
Explanation –
- Statement 1 is correct: The Ramon Magsaysay Award was indeed established in 1957 by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (USA) in cooperation with the Government of the Philippines to honour the legacy of President Ramon Magsaysay.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The award is presented annually in Manila, Philippines, not in New Delhi. The ceremony is held on August 31, Ramon Magsaysay’s birth anniversary.
- Statement 3 is correct: In 2024, the Foundation to Educate Girls Globally (Educate Girls) became the first Indian organisation to receive the award for its grassroots work in bridging the gender gap in education.
- Statement 4 is correct: Ramon Magsaysay, the seventh President of the Philippines (1953–1957), was widely admired for his incorruptible leadership, simplicity, and close connect with citizens. His democratic ideals are the basis of the award.
- Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
