- Abortion practiced, especially among tribal communities.
- Severe punishment for women performing abortions without husband’s consent.
- Higher caste women facing penalties for abortion with slave assistance.
- Strong criticism of abortion by religion and community.
- Various methods used for abortion (herbs, injurious weapons, abdominal pressure).
- British efforts to curb female infanticide through legislative measures.
- Prevention of Murder of Female Infants Act (1870) aimed at reducing infanticide.
- Repeal of the Act in 1906 raised questions about its effectiveness.
- Despite lack of advanced medical facilities, ancient societies had abortion methods