Current Affairs Reverse Engineering – Care (09-12-2024)
| News at a Glance |
| Internal Security: India to create comprehensive anti-drone unit for border security |
| Awards: The Turner Prize for art and the controversies around it |
| Economy: RBI want a hedge against dollar reliance, but not push for de-dollarisation |
| Science and Technology: Bird flu in US livestock, poultry be risk to humans |
| Rock bolt technology treats active landslide zones |
| Polity: Union Cabinet clears 85 new Kendriya Vidyalayas, 28 Navodaya Vidyalayas |
India to create comprehensive anti-drone unit for border security
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS 3 Internal Security
Context: Laser-equipped anti-drone gun-mounted” mechanism
Why in News
- India will soon create a comprehensive anti-drone unit to secure its borders as the “menace” of unmanned aerial vehicles is going to get serious in the coming days.
Key Highlights
- Anti-Drone Unit Initiative:
- Significance of the Initiative: The rising trend of drones being used for smuggling arms and drugs, particularly along the India-Pakistan border, has prompted the government to prioritize the establishment of a specialized anti-drone unit. Over 260 drones were intercepted in 2024 compared to 110 in 2023.
- Technological Advancements: The deployment of laser-equipped anti-drone mechanisms has led to a dramatic improvement in neutralization and detection rates, increasing from 3% to 55% along the Punjab border.
- Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS):
- The ongoing implementation of the CIBMS integrates advanced technologies like surveillance sensors, cameras, and detection systems to enhance security across India’s borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh.
- The deployment of CIBMS in Assam’s riverine borders has shown promising results but requires further optimization.
- Border Security Infrastructure:
- The government’s focus on enhancing border infrastructure includes:
- Construction of 1,812 km of roads and 573 new border posts.
- The Vibrant Village Programme (VVP), with a budget of ₹48,000 crore, aims to develop border villages and integrate their populations into the mainstream.
- The government’s focus on enhancing border infrastructure includes:
- Manpower Strengthening:
- The BSF has inducted 13,226 newly trained personnel and plans to train 16,000 more by next month, bolstering its operational capacity.
- Broader Implications of the Anti-Drone Unit:
- National Security: The rising drone menace is linked to cross-border terrorism and narco-trafficking. A dedicated unit addresses these challenges while reducing vulnerabilities in border areas.
- Technological Collaboration: Collaboration with organizations like DRDO ensures cutting-edge solutions, reflecting a “whole of government” approach.
- Global Context:
- The development aligns with global trends where countries are deploying advanced technologies to counter UAV threats, ensuring readiness against potential misuse of drones for surveillance or attacks.
Challenges and Future Outlook:
- Scalability: Extending anti-drone measures across all vulnerable borders requires significant resources and coordination.
- Technology Adaptation: Continuous technological innovation is needed to counter evolving drone tactics.
- CIBMS Optimization: Enhancing the system’s functionality in complex terrains like riverine borders will be crucial.
Conclusion:
- India’s initiatives to tackle the drone menace and bolster border security are vital steps in securing national interests. With the integration of technology, infrastructure development, and comprehensive security measures, the government aims to create a robust defense mechanism.
- As the security landscape evolves, sustained investment and adaptive strategies will be essential for long-term effectiveness.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q1. With reference to the recent measures taken by India to tackle the menace of drones along the borders, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? |
Q. Regarding Home Guards, consider the following statements: (2023)
1. Home Guards are raised under the Home Guards Act and Rules of the Central Government. 2. The role of the Home Guards is to serve as an auxiliary force to the police in the maintenance of internal security. 3. To prevent infiltration on the international border/coastal areas, the Border Wing Home Guards Battalions have been raised in some states. How many of the above statements are correct? a. Only one b. Only two c. All three d. None Ans : b |
| Answer – 1 – A
Explanation –
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The Turner Prize for art and the controversies around it
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Relevance: Awards and Honours
Context: Turner prize annually recognizes a British artist whose work has made a significant impact on the art scene.
Why in News
- The Turner Prize, one of the most prestigious awards in the art world, was awarded to Indian-origin artist Jasleen Kaur on December 4, 2024.
Key Highlights of Jasleen Kaur’s Work:
- The Winning Exhibit: Kaur’s work pays tribute to her family’s history of migration to Scotland, offering a deeply personal narrative interwoven with broader political and spiritual themes.
- The jury commended her for “weaving together the personal, political, and spiritual,” reflecting the intersectionality of identity, history, and culture.
- Political Advocacy: In her acceptance speech, Kaur used the platform to call for a ceasefire in Gaza, making a poignant political statement. This aligns with the Turner Prize’s tradition of being a platform for artists to address pressing global issues.
Significance of the Turner Prize
- Promoting Contemporary Art:
The Turner Prize has played a crucial role in elevating experimental and avant-garde art to global recognition. Previous winners like Damien Hirst and Steve McQueen have pushed boundaries, challenging traditional perceptions of art. - Platform for Social Commentary:
The prize often serves as a stage for political and social advocacy, as demonstrated by Kaur’s speech. This reflects the growing trend of art intersecting with activism. - The Role of Migration and Identity in Kaur’s Work
- Kaur’s exhibit stands out for its focus on migration and identity, themes that resonate deeply in today’s globalized yet divided world. By exploring her family’s journey and cultural integration in Scotland, the work bridges personal storytelling with universal themes of displacement, belonging, and resilience.
The Turner Prize and Controversy
- Artistic Debate:
The Turner Prize is no stranger to controversy, often sparking debates about the definition of art. Kaur’s work, with its strong socio-political undertones, continues this tradition by challenging audiences to think beyond aesthetic value. - Jasleen Kaur’s Statement on Gaza:
Kaur’s advocacy for a ceasefire in Gaza highlights the role of art as a tool for political engagement. Such statements invite discussion on the responsibility of artists and institutions to engage with global issues.
Conclusion
- The Turner Prize 2024 reinforces the role of contemporary art as a medium for storytelling and activism. Jasleen Kaur’s victory, with her work that blends personal narratives with political discourse, reflects the evolving nature of the prize in addressing cultural and social complexities.
- As the art world continues to embrace diverse voices, the Turner Prize remains a significant platform for innovation and advocacy.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q2. With reference to the Turner Prize, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
|
Q. Consider the following statements. (2008)
1. Orange Prize is awarded to a work of published fiction in English by a woman. 2. Prizes awarded by the Commonwealth Foundation to a citizen of any Commonwealth country for any literary work in English. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (a) |
| Answer 2– A
Explanation –
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RBI want a hedge against dollar reliance, but not push for de-dollarisation
Source: The Indian Express
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/rbi-dollar-reliance-9711765/
UPSC Relevance: GS 3 Economy
Context: India’s approach to diversifying trade mechanisms while maintaining stable relations with the global financial system
Why in News
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has taken notable steps to reduce the risks associated with over-dependence on the US dollar. However, its measures are aimed at hedging risks rather than outright de-dollarisation.
Key Highlights
- Hedging Dollar Risks vs. De-dollarisation:
- Hedging Risks: The RBI has emphasized diversification of foreign exchange reserves and trade mechanisms to reduce exposure to dollar fluctuations and geopolitical risks.
- Increased gold purchases bolster India’s reserve stability against dollar volatility.
- Promotion of local currency trade agreements and Vostro accounts allows India to facilitate trade in non-dollar currencies.
- Avoiding De-dollarisation:
RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das clarified that India is not pursuing complete de-dollarisation, a process that would involve moving away from the dollar in global trade and reserves entirely. Such a move could destabilize India’s trade and financial networks in the near term.
- Global Context and US Reactions:
- US President-elect Donald Trump recently issued a warning against BRICS nations contemplating dollar alternatives, threatening “100 percent tariffs.”
- This highlights the geopolitical stakes involved in challenging the dollar’s dominance, a move that could invite economic retaliation.
- India’s Approach to Diversification:
- Gold Reserves:
Gold is seen as a safe-haven asset and a hedge against dollar reliance. The RBI’s strategy includes increasing gold reserves to reduce vulnerability to dollar depreciation or sanctions. - Local Currency Trade Agreements:
India has signed agreements with several countries, including Russia and UAE, to conduct bilateral trade in local currencies, reducing dollar transaction costs.- The introduction of Vostro accounts enables foreign banks to settle payments in Indian rupees, encouraging rupee trade.
- Gold Reserves:
- Why De-dollarisation Is Not Feasible for India:
- Global Trade Dependence:
The dollar remains the dominant currency for global trade, accounting for over 80% of transactions. Completely avoiding the dollar would hinder India’s trade with key partners. - Financial Stability:
A sudden shift away from the dollar could destabilize the rupee and financial markets, particularly when India’s imports (such as oil) are predominantly dollar-priced.
- Global Trade Dependence:
Implications for India
- Economic Sovereignty:
By promoting local currency trade and accumulating gold reserves, India strengthens its economic resilience against external shocks, sanctions, or dollar fluctuations. - Strategic Diplomacy:
India balances its diversification strategies with maintaining stable ties with the US, avoiding provocative moves like outright de-dollarisation. - Long-Term Goals:
While immediate de-dollarisation is not practical, these measures could pave the way for a more diversified global currency ecosystem, aligning with broader BRICS initiatives for financial autonomy.
Conclusion
- India’s focus on hedging dollar reliance reflects a pragmatic approach to economic resilience without disrupting global trade dynamics.
- The RBI’s efforts to diversify reserves and encourage local currency trade agreements aim to mitigate risks while preserving financial stability.
- This nuanced strategy allows India to enhance economic sovereignty in a volatile geopolitical landscape while avoiding confrontations with the US.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q3. With reference to the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) recent measures on dollar reliance, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
|
Q. With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements: (2022)
1. If the inflation is too high, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities. 2. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market. 3. If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy dollars. Which of the statements given above are correct? a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3 Answer: b |
| Answer 3– A
Explanation –
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Could Bird Flu in US Livestock and Poultry Be a Risk to Humans?
Source: Indian Express
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS 3- Science and Technology
Context: The detection of the H5N1 avian influenza virus in North America, including livestock, has raised alarms globally.
Why in News
- H5N1 avian influenza virus’s continued spread among poultry and its spillover into livestock like dairy cattle in the United States has spurred concerns about its potential to mutate into a global public health threat.
Key Highlights:
- Spread of H5N1 in North America:
- Traditionally a virus affecting birds, H5N1 avian influenza has now been detected in US livestock, including dairy cattle.
- This development is significant as it suggests the virus may be broadening its host range, increasing the risk of cross-species transmission.
- Global Precautions:
- Countries worldwide are taking proactive steps:
- Stockpiling H5N1 vaccines as a preventive measure.
- Enhancing biosecurity protocols to curb the virus’s spread.
- This reflects global awareness of the potential economic and health consequences of a widespread outbreak.
- Countries worldwide are taking proactive steps:
- Human Health Concerns:
- While human cases of H5N1 are rare, the virus is known for its high mortality rate (above 50%) in infected individuals.
- The risk of a mutational leap—where the virus gains the ability to transmit easily between humans—remains a key concern for public health experts.
- Zoonotic Potential:
- The presence of H5N1 in livestock increases the risk of the virus combining with human influenza strains, potentially creating a more transmissible or virulent pathogen.
- Direct contact with infected animals or contaminated environments is the primary route of human infection, necessitating strict handling and hygiene protocols.
Implications for Agriculture and Economy
- Impact on Livestock and Poultry Industries:
- The H5N1 outbreak could severely disrupt the poultry and livestock industries, leading to culling, reduced production, and economic losses.
- Countries reliant on these sectors for exports may face trade restrictions.
- Food Security Concerns:
- Widespread infections in livestock could lead to shortages of poultry, eggs, and dairy products, impacting food supply chains globally.
Response Strategies
- Vaccination Campaigns:
- Vaccination of poultry and livestock is emerging as a critical tool to contain the spread of H5N1.
- Governments are preparing for potential human outbreaks by stockpiling vaccines.
- Surveillance and Monitoring:
- Enhanced monitoring of avian and livestock populations is crucial for early detection and response.
- International collaboration is essential for tracking the virus’s evolution.
- Public Health Measures:
- Governments are advising the public to:
- Avoid contact with sick or dead birds.
- Practice stringent hygiene when handling animals or animal products.
- Cooking meat and eggs thoroughly can mitigate infection risks.
- Governments are advising the public to:
Why This Matters Globally
- Pandemic Potential:
- The ability of the H5N1 virus to infect mammals raises fears of a pandemic if the virus adapts to efficient human-to-human transmission.
- Lessons from COVID-19:
- The pandemic highlighted the global interconnectedness of health threats. Rapid response to zoonotic diseases is crucial to preventing widespread outbreaks.
- Economic and Trade Impacts:
- Countries reliant on agricultural exports may face economic repercussions if the virus disrupts livestock and poultry production.
Conclusion
- The spread of H5N1 avian influenza in the US and its spillover into livestock is a significant concern for global health and the economy.
- While the risk to humans remains low for now, the potential for mutation and cross-species transmission necessitates heightened vigilance.
- Governments worldwide must continue investing in vaccines, monitoring, and public awareness to prevent a public health crisis.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q4. Assertion (A): The detection of H5N1 avian influenza in US livestock has raised global concerns about its potential to become a public health threat.
Reason (R): The H5N1 virus has a high mortality rate in humans and may mutate to enable efficient human-to-human transmission. Codes: |
Q. H1N1 virus is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to which one of the following diseases? (2015)
a. AIDS b. Bird flu c. Dengue d. Swine flu
Answer D. |
| Answer 4- A
Explanation
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Rock Bolt Technology Successfully Treating Active Landslide Zones in Uttarakhand
Source: Indian Express
UPSC Relevance: GS 3 Science and Technology
Context: Landslides are a persistent issue in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand, particularly during the monsoon season.
Why in News
- The introduction of rock bolt technology by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) offers a promising solution to mitigate landslides.
Key Highlights:
- Significance of Rock Bolt Technology:
- What is Rock Bolt Technology?
It involves inserting steel bolts into rocks to stabilize slopes and prevent landslides. The bolts anchor the loose rock layers to the stable bedrock, reducing the likelihood of slope failures. - Applications in Uttarakhand:
The technology has been deployed successfully in active landslide zones along the Gangotri and Yamunotri highways, areas critical for local residents and pilgrims.
- What is Rock Bolt Technology?
- Addressing Landslide Challenges:
- Landslides in Uttarakhand cause frequent road blockages, inconveniencing locals and pilgrims on the Chardham Yatra routes.
- Monsoons exacerbate the problem, leading to significant loss of life and property annually.
- Impact on Chardham Pilgrimage:
- The Gangotri and Yamunotri highways, essential for Chardham pilgrims, have been plagued by recurring landslides.
- Successful implementation of rock bolt technology enhances the safety and reliability of these routes, benefiting thousands of pilgrims and tourists.
Broader Implications
- Improved Infrastructure Resilience:
- Stabilized slopes lead to reduced road closures, ensuring uninterrupted connectivity in remote regions.
- The technology complements broader efforts to strengthen Uttarakhand’s road and transport infrastructure.
- Safety for Locals and Tourists:
- By reducing landslide risks, rock bolt technology safeguards the lives of residents and travelers, boosting confidence in the region’s safety.
- Tourism and Economic Boost:
- Reliable access to pilgrimage sites can increase tourist inflows, contributing to the state’s economy.
- Minimizing landslide-related disruptions promotes smoother logistics for local businesses.
Challenges and Future Outlook
- Widespread Implementation:
While successful in targeted areas, scaling rock bolt technology across all vulnerable zones requires significant resources and expertise. - Maintenance Needs:
Regular monitoring and maintenance of stabilized slopes are critical to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the technology. - Environmental Considerations:
Landslide-prone areas often coincide with ecologically sensitive zones. Careful planning is essential to balance development with environmental conservation.
Conclusion
- The adoption of rock bolt technology marks a significant step forward in addressing Uttarakhand’s landslide challenges. By improving road safety and reducing disruptions, this innovative approach not only benefits local communities and pilgrims but also enhances the region’s economic and tourism prospects. Continued investment in such solutions, coupled with sustainable practices, will be crucial for mitigating natural hazards in the Himalayas.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ | ||||||||
Q5. Match the following technologies with their respective applications:
Codes:
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Q. With reference to technologies for solar power production, consider the following statements: (2014)
1. ‘Photovoltaics’ is a technology that generates electricity by direct conversion of light into electricity, while ‘Solar Thermal’ is a technology that utilizes the Sun’s rays to generate heat which is further used in electricity generation process. 2. Photovoltaics generates Alternating Current (AC), while Solar Thermal generates Direct Current (DC). 3. India has manufacturing base for Solar Thermal technology, but not for Photovoltaics. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1, 2 and 3 d) None Answer: A |
| Answer 5- A
Explanation
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Union Cabinet Clears 85 Kendriya Vidyalayas and 28 Navodaya Vidyalayas
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Relevance: GS 2– Polity and Governance
Context: Government’s vision of providing equitable and inclusive education under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
Why in News
- The Union Cabinet’s approval for the establishment of 85 new Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs) and 28 Navodaya Vidyalayas (NVs) marks a significant step towards expanding access to quality education in India.
Key Highlights:
- Expansion of Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs):
- Student Capacity: Each KV has a capacity of 960 students, and this expansion is expected to benefit 82,560 additional students.
- Financial Allocation:
- Total estimated cost: ₹5,872.08 crore over eight years (2025–2032).
- Includes ₹2,862.71 crore for capital expenditure and ₹3,009.37 crore for operational expenses.
- Job Creation: Each KV employs 63 staff members, creating 5,388 permanent jobs through this expansion.
- Current Network: There are 1,256 KVs with nearly 13.56 lakh students, including international branches in Moscow, Kathmandu, and Tehran.
- Establishment of Navodaya Vidyalayas (NVs):
- Focus on Uncovered Districts: The 28 new NVs will be set up in districts that currently lack such schools, ensuring wider regional equity.
- Student Capacity: These schools will accommodate 15,680 students.
- Financial Allocation:
- Total estimated cost: ₹2,359.82 crore over five years (2024–2029).
- Job Creation: Expected to create 1,316 permanent jobs.
- Strategic Goals:
- Education Access: The move addresses the growing demand for quality education, particularly in remote and underserved areas.
- Equity and Inclusion: NVs, primarily catering to rural talent, aim to bridge the rural-urban education divide.
Implications
- Education Infrastructure Development:
- The expansion strengthens India’s public-school infrastructure, catering to the middle and lower-middle-class families that rely on high-quality yet affordable education.
- Job Creation and Economic Impact:
- Over 6,700 new direct permanent jobs will be created through this initiative, providing a boost to the education sector’s employment potential.
- Ancillary benefits include opportunities for local construction and service industries during the setup phase.
- Alignment with NEP 2020:
- The focus on equity, access, and inclusion directly aligns with NEP 2020 goals of universal quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all.
- Support for Rural Development:
- NVs cater to rural students with demonstrated academic merit, offering them high-quality education and residential facilities.
- This initiative will enhance educational outcomes and provide social mobility for rural talent.
Challenges
- Timely Execution:
- The ambitious targets require efficient planning, construction, and recruitment to meet deadlines.
- Quality Assurance:
- Maintaining consistent quality in education and infrastructure across all new schools will be critical.
- Regional Equity:
- While the new schools target underserved districts, ensuring balanced coverage in densely populated areas is equally important.
Conclusion
- The establishment of 85 new Kendriya Vidyalayas and 28 Navodaya Vidyalayas reflects the government’s commitment to improving educational access and infrastructure.
- By addressing regional disparities, creating job opportunities, and fostering inclusive education, this initiative lays the groundwork for a more equitable and empowered society.
- The challenge lies in implementing these projects effectively to ensure their intended impact.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q6. With reference to the recent Cabinet approval for the expansion of Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs) and Navodaya Vidyalayas (NVs), consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? |
Q. With reference to the funds under Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS), which of the following statements are correct? (2020)
1. MPLADS funds must be used to create durable assets like physical infrastructure for health, education, etc. 2. A specified portion of each MP’s fund must benefit SC/ST populations. 3. MPLADS funds are sanctioned on yearly basis and the unused funds cannot be carried forward to the next year. 4. The district authority must inspect at least 10% of all works under implementation every year. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 3 and 4 only c) 1, 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 4 only Answer: d |
| Answer 6- B
Explanation
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