Current Affairs Reverse Engineering – CARE (26-09-2024)
| News at a Glance |
| Science and Technology: What are retractions and why do they matter? |
| International Relations: Neom, the controversial Saudi project that promises a desert utopia |
| Polity and Governance: Assam Accord Clause 6 |
| ‘Paridhi 24×25’ – a bilingual web portal of VisioNxt and Begusarai Extension Centre |
| Economy: India becomes 3rd Most Powerful Nation in Asia |
| 10 years of Make in India |
What are retractions and why do they matter?
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS 3 Science and Technology
Context: Retractions in Scientific Research
Why in News
- Retractions are a corrective measure in academic publishing, used to remove flawed or fraudulent research from scientific literature to maintain integrity.
Understanding Retractions in Scientific Research
- A retraction is a formal process used by academic journals to remove a previously published paper from the scientific literature.
- It serves as a corrective measure when serious flaws are discovered in the research that invalidate its findings.
- While retractions are not uncommon in scientific publishing, they can occur for various reasons, ranging from honest mistakes to deliberate misconduct.
Why Are Papers Retracted?
- Honest errors: Mistakes in data, calculations, or interpretations that were not caught during the peer-review process. When discovered, the researcher or journal may initiate a retraction to prevent the flawed study from influencing future research.
- Scientific misconduct: This includes fabrication of data, plagiarism, image manipulation, or using unverified methods. Misconduct is a more serious issue, and it damages the credibility of both the individual researcher and the scientific community.
- In some cases, retractions also occur due to ethical breaches, such as conflicts of interest or the involvement of paper mills.
Retractions in Context
- The case of an Indian scientist with 45 retractions and another publishing an impossible number of papers in Kolkata reflects the growing issue of misconduct in research.
- Globally, high-profile cases of fraud have affected even renowned scientists.
- For example, John Darsee, a cardiology researcher, had over 80 papers retracted in the 1980s for falsifying data, shocking the scientific community.
- Even Nobel laureates are not immune. Gregg Semenza, a 2019 Nobel Prize winner, had 12 papers retracted due to image manipulation.
- Such cases highlight the systemic nature of the issue, where pressures to publish quickly and frequently contribute to unethical behavior.
Retractions: A Growing Phenomenon
- Between 2020 and 2022, there were 2.5 times more retractions compared to 2017-2019.
- In 2023, approximately 10,000 papers were retracted globally, a dramatic rise from the 1,600 retractions in 2013.
- This surge is linked to the “publish or perish” culture prevalent in academia, where researchers face immense pressure to continuously publish.
- The fast-tracking of papers during the COVID-19 pandemic also contributed to an increase in flawed publications.
Retraction Index and Its Impact
- The retraction index is a measure of the rate at which journals retract papers.
- It is calculated as the number of retractions in a time period multiplied by 1,000, divided by the total number of papers published in that period.
- High-impact journals, which are more prestigious and have higher visibility, tend to have more retractions.
- This is because they publish cutting-edge research, which often faces greater scrutiny.
- The index was developed by Ferric Fang and Arturo Casadevall to quantify how often papers from a given journal are retracted.
- Their findings suggest that papers in high-impact journals are more likely to be retracted due to the greater attention they receive.
Why Do Scientists Falsify Research?
- Pressure to publish: Academics and researchers often need to meet publication quotas for career progression, grants, and recognition. This pressure can drive some to resort to unethical practices.
- Paper mills: These are enterprises that produce fake or low-quality papers, selling them to researchers. Many fraudulent papers are linked to such operations, particularly in countries like Russia, China, and Iran.
- Rankings and metrics: Universities and research institutes are ranked based on their research output, which incentivizes publishing in bulk rather than focusing on quality.
- This system not only undermines the trust within the scientific community but also erodes public trust in scientific research. H.N.J. Arst, writing in Nature, emphasized that “all honest scientists are victims of scientists who commit misconduct.”
Challenges and Solutions for Reducing Misconduct
Addressing research misconduct is a complex issue that requires both technological and institutional interventions. Some potential solutions include:
- AI detection tools: Researchers like Bernhard Sabel have developed fake-paper detectors that can screen for plagiarism and falsified data. Sabel’s study found that nearly a third of 5,000 neuroscience papers published in 2020 likely contained such issues.
- Quality over quantity: Reforming academic incentives to focus more on research quality than output quantity could reduce the prevalence of paper mills and unethical behavior. This would mean promoting more robust peer review processes, discouraging “publish or perish” culture, and valuing impactful, well-researched studies over the sheer number of publications.
Conclusion
- Retractions are a critical part of maintaining scientific integrity, helping correct the record when errors or misconduct are discovered.
- However, the rise in retractions points to deeper issues in the research ecosystem, such as the pressures of the academic system and the role of paper mills.
- Moving forward, technological advancements like AI tools and policy changes that emphasize research quality over quantity may help reduce the prevalence of scientific misconduct.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding retractions in academic publishing:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 |
Q. Which reference to the role of biofilter in Recirculating Aquaculture System, consider the following statement (2023)
1. Biofilters provide waste treatment by removing uneaten fish feed. 2. Biofilters convert ammonia present in fish waste in nitrate. 3. Biofilters increase phosphorus as nutrient for fish in water. How many of the statements given above are correct?
Ans: (c) |
| Answer 1- A
Explanation
|
Neom- the controversial Saudi project that promises a desert utopia
Source: Indian Express
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/neom-controversy-saudi-arabia-9587508/
UPSC Relevance: GS2 International Relations
Context: Neom Megacity: Overview and In-Depth Analysis of Controversies
Why in News
Neom is a futuristic megacity project in Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, aimed at diversifying the economy, but it has faced controversies like forced evictions, worker mistreatment, and surveillance concerns.
What is Neom?
- Neom, a cornerstone of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, is an ambitious project aimed at transforming the country’s economy by reducing its dependence on oil and positioning it as a global hub of innovation, tourism, and technology.
- Located in the northwestern Tabuk province, Neom spans 26,500 sq km, roughly the size of Albania.
- Launched in 2017 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, its name is a fusion of “neo” (Greek for new) and “mustaqbal” (Arabic for future).
- Originally projected at $500 billion, the cost has surged to $1.5 trillion, making Neom the world’s largest construction project. Completion is now expected by 2039.
- The megacity is designed to house millions of residents across multiple specialized regions, all powered by renewable energy, and promises innovations in sustainability, technology, and urban living.
Key Projects within Neom
The Line:
- The Line is Neom’s most high-profile initiative. It’s a 170-kilometer-long, 500-meter-tall mirrored city, designed to accommodate 9 million residents.
- The city’s buildings are vertically layered to minimize land use, and the entire area will run on 95% renewable energy.
- The Line aims to be completely walkable, reducing the need for cars or roads.
- The first phase, however, is now scaled down to just 1.4 km by 2030, raising doubts about the project’s feasibility.
Oxagon:
- Oxagon is envisioned as an octagonal industrial city, housing an integrated port and logistics hub.
- It will focus on advanced manufacturing, research and innovation, and sustainable industries, such as hydrogen production.
- Oxagon will also be powered entirely by renewable energy, making it one of the largest floating industrial complexes in the world.
Trojena:
- Trojena, located in the mountains of the Tabuk region, is set to be Saudi Arabia’s premier winter sports destination and is scheduled to host the 2029 Asian Winter Games.
- The area boasts sub-zero temperatures in winter, with plans for year-round outdoor and adventure tourism, including a futuristic ski resort.
Magna:
- Magna aims to be a luxury coastal destination on the Gulf of Aqaba. Spanning 120 kilometers, it will feature resorts, nature reserves, and entertainment facilities, positioning itself as the “gold standard” in sustainable tourism.
Sindalah:
- Sindalah, a luxury island, is designed to rival popular tourist destinations like the Mediterranean and Caribbean.
- It will cater to yacht and boat owners and provide high-end tourism experiences.
- The island is set to open in 2024, adding a premium element to Saudi Arabia’s tourism offerings.
Controversies Plaguing Neom
Despite its grand vision, Neom has been marred by a range of controversies that highlight significant human rights issues, concerns over workplace practices, and doubts about its long-term sustainability.
- Displacement of Indigenous Communities
- One of the most contentious issues surrounding Neom is the forced eviction of the Huwaitat tribe, an indigenous community that has lived in the Tabuk region for centuries.
- Since 2020, Saudi authorities have been forcefully relocating the Huwaitat to make way for Neom’s construction, particularly for The Line. Reports have surfaced about security forces using excessive force against tribe members who resisted eviction.
- In 2023, the United Nations expressed concerns when several Huwaiti protesters were charged as terrorists and faced the death penalty for opposing their eviction.
- This has led to widespread international criticism, highlighting the human cost of the project.
- Sluggish Progress
- Although Neom was initially envisioned as a futuristic metropolis capable of housing 9 million people by 2030, construction has been much slower than anticipated.
- The project’s scope has been scaled back dramatically, with only 1.4 km of The Line expected to be completed by 2030. Bloomberg reported that the ambition of accommodating 1.5 million people by 2030 has been downgraded, with a maximum of 300,000 residents now expected in the same timeframe.
- This raises concerns over the project’s ability to meet key deadlines, including hosting the 2029 Asian Winter Games in Trojena.
- Critics argue that Neom’s grand vision may be unattainable within the expected timeline and budget.
- Workplace Misconduct and Abuse
- From the start, Neom’s management culture has been described as toxic, with key positions filled by individuals with checkered pasts.
- Executives have reportedly sidelined basic workplace ethics to meet aggressive timelines. In a highly publicized incident, Wayne Borg, Managing Director of Neom’s media division, was accused of making racist and classist remarks about the deaths of three construction workers.
- He reportedly dismissed concerns about the workers’ deaths, referring to them as “inconvenient,” and made derogatory comments about blue-collar employees, mostly from the Indian subcontinent, calling them “f–ing morons.”
- Such incidents reflect a broader issue of exploitation and mistreatment of laborers, many of whom work under harsh conditions in a remote area of the Saudi desert.
- Surveillance and Privacy Concerns
- Another significant point of contention is Neom’s aim to create “cognitive cities,” which would employ real-time monitoring and data collection to anticipate the needs of its residents.
- While framed as a futuristic convenience, critics have raised concerns that this would result in a surveillance state, where residents’ every move and internet activity would be closely monitored.
- Such concerns are especially heightened given Saudi Arabia’s track record on civil liberties and freedom of expression.
- The promise of smart cities could quickly devolve into systems of control and oversight, limiting personal privacy and autonomy.
Future of Neom and Vision 2030
- Neom represents Saudi Arabia’s desire to position itself as a leader in technology, innovation, and sustainability.
- However, these controversies raise fundamental questions about the project’s ethics, feasibility, and long-term viability.
- The forced displacement of indigenous communities, the exploitation of labor, workplace misconduct, and concerns about surveillance cast a shadow over Neom’s futuristic promise.
- Furthermore, the slow pace of progress and scaling back of key elements suggest that the megacity may not live up to its initial ambitions.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q2. Consider the following statements regarding the Neom project:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
|
Q. Consider the following statements (2022)
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Ans: C |
| Answer 2– A
Explanation –
|
Assam Accord Clause 6
Source: Indian Express
UPSC Relevance: GS2- Polity and Governance:
Context: Assam Accord Clause 6
Why in News
The Assam government has decided to implement 57 of the 67 recommendations of a committee formed by the Ministry of Home Affairs for the implementation of Clause 6 of the historic Assam Accord.
What is Clause 6 of the Assam Accord?
- The Assam Accord was signed in 1985 between the Government of India and the All Assam Students’ Union (AASU), concluding a prolonged anti-immigrant agitation that lasted six years.
- A key provision of this accord is Clause 6, which stipulates that “Constitutional, legislative and administrative safeguards, as may be appropriate, shall be provided to protect, preserve and promote the cultural, social, linguistic identity and heritage of the Assamese people.”
- This clause aims to ensure that the unique identity and rights of the Assamese community are protected, particularly in the context of migration and demographic changes in the region.
Background and Context
- Historical Context: The Assam Accord emerged from a movement against illegal immigration, particularly from Bangladesh. The cutoff date for recognizing citizenship under the accord is set as March 24, 1971. Immigrants who entered Assam after this date are considered illegal and subject to deportation.
- Committee Formation: Recently, the Assam government decided to implement 57 out of 67 recommendations made by a committee formed to examine the effective implementation of Clause 6. This committee was led by Biplab Sarma and tasked with reviewing the cultural and social safeguards for Assamese people, providing a roadmap for implementation by April 15, 2025.
- Recent Events: The decision to implement these recommendations comes amid heightened demands for the protection of indigenous rights, particularly following a tragic incident involving the assault of an Assamese minor. This incident has fueled concerns about the safety and rights of the Assamese community.
Significance of Clause 6 in the Context of the NRC and Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016
- National Register of Citizens (NRC): The ongoing NRC update aims to document citizens of Assam and delineate between legal residents and illegal immigrants, using March 24, 1971 as the cutoff date. The relationship between Clause 6 and the NRC is crucial because it defines the criteria for recognizing who qualifies as an “Assamese person” eligible for protections under the Assam Accord.
- Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016: This bill seeks to provide citizenship to non-Muslim immigrants from certain neighboring countries, including Bangladesh, who entered India before December 31, 2014. The bill has sparked significant controversy, especially in Assam, where many see it as undermining the Assam Accord and the cultural identity of the Assamese people.
- Indigenous Identity: The term “indigenous people” refers to those who are considered original inhabitants of Assam, and there are ongoing debates about which cutoff date should be applied when defining this group. While many advocate for the 1951 NRC as the basis, the ongoing NRC update follows the 1971 cutoff, complicating the implementation of Clause 6.
Recommendations and Safeguards
The 57 recommendations approved by the Assam government aim to define and implement specific safeguards, which may include:
- Reservation of Electoral Seats: Provisions for reserving seats in the legislative assembly and local bodies for Assamese people to ensure their representation.
- Land and Political Rights: Laws that might restrict land ownership and employment in the government sector to those who qualify as Assamese based on the recommendations.
- Protection of Cultural Heritage: Steps to preserve the cultural, linguistic, and historical heritage of the Assamese people.
- Language Preservation: Measures to promote and protect Assamese and other indigenous languages.
The Proposed Committee’s Role
The newly formed committee by the Union Cabinet will:
- Evaluate Existing Measures: Assess the effectiveness of past actions taken to implement Clause 6 since 1985.
- Engage Stakeholders: Conduct discussions with various stakeholders, including AASU and other community organizations.
- Recommendations on Reservations: Make recommendations on the extent of reservations required in different sectors, including government jobs and educational institutions.
- Protect Indigenous Languages: Identify necessary steps to protect and promote the languages of Assam.
Political Reactions and Implications
The response to these developments has been mixed:
- Support from the Government: The Assam government and the ruling party have expressed support for the implementation of Clause 6, seeing it as a means to protect indigenous rights.
- Criticism from AASU: The AASU has accused the government of attempting to mislead the public, especially in the context of the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill. There are concerns that while the government promises to implement Clause 6, it simultaneously seeks to pass legislation that could adversely affect the Assamese identity.
- Congress’ Stance: The opposition party has criticized the government for its perceived inconsistency in upholding the Assam Accord while pursuing the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, arguing that this undermines the very essence of the accord.
Conclusion
- Clause 6 of the Assam Accord represents a crucial framework for protecting the rights and identity of the Assamese people amid ongoing demographic and political challenges.
- The recent decisions by the Assam government to implement recommendations related to Clause 6 highlight the continuing relevance of this accord in contemporary discourse surrounding citizenship, identity, and migration in Assam. The interplay between the NRC, the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, and Clause 6 will significantly shape the future of Assamese identity and socio-political dynamics in the region.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q3. Consider following statements concerning the Assam Accord and its Clause 6:
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: A) 2 and 3 only B) 1 and 4 only C) 1, 2, and 4 only D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 |
Q. If a particular area is brought under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which one of the following statements best reflects the consequence of it? (2022)
A This would prevent the transfer of land of tribal people to non-tribal people. B This would create a local self-governing body in that area. C This would convert that area into a Union Territory. D The State having such areas would be declared a Special Category State. Answer is A. |
| Answer 3 A
Explanation
|
India becomes 3rd Most Powerful Nation in Asia
Source: PIB
https://pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=153194&ModuleId=3®=3&lang=1
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS3 Economy
Context: Asia Power Index
Why in News
In 2024, India surpassed Japan to become the third-largest power in the Asia Power Index, a notable shift reflecting its increasing geopolitical stature.
Key Factors Behind India’s Rise
- Economic Growth
- Post-Pandemic Recovery: India has demonstrated a remarkable recovery from the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to a significant rise in its Economic Capability score by 4.2 points.
- GDP Growth: With a strong GDP growth rate, India is now recognized as the world’s third-largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). This economic foundation reinforces India’s standing as a key player in the region.
- Future Potential
- Demographic Dividend: India’s Future Resources score increased by 8.2 points, signaling potential economic advantages stemming from its youthful population. Unlike its regional competitors, such as China and Japan, India has a demographic profile that supports sustained economic growth and an expanding labor force.
- Diplomatic Influence
- International Recognition: Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership, India has gained greater recognition on the global stage. Its non-aligned strategic posture has allowed it to navigate complex international scenarios effectively.
- Engagement in Multilateral Forums: India ranked 6th in terms of diplomatic dialogues in 2023, indicating its active participation in international discussions and multilateral forums.
- Cultural Influence
- Global Diaspora and Cultural Exports: India’s robust cultural presence and diaspora help maintain a strong Cultural Influence score, which contributes to its international reputation and soft power.
India’s Role in Multilateral Diplomacy and Security
- Security Cooperation: India has emphasized its role in multilateral diplomacy and security, particularly through participation in forums such as the Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue). This involvement has positioned India as a significant player in regional security dynamics, even though it operates outside formal military alliances.
- Defense Sales: Incremental improvements in economic outreach, including defense sales like the BrahMos missile deal with the Philippines, suggest that India is beginning to extend its geopolitical influence beyond its immediate neighborhood.
Asia Power Index Report
- The Asia Power Index Report 2 is published by the Lowy Institute.
- It shows India has overtaken Japan to become the third-ranked power in Asia.
- This index evaluates 27 countries based on military capability, economic relationships, and cultural influence, among other factors.
- The United States and China hold the first and second positions, respectively.
- The report highlights India’s potential for growth, driven by its vast population and resources, despite it not yet reaching its full potential in regional influence.
Power Measurement Criteria
- Launched by the Lowy Institute in 2018, the Asia Power Index assesses the power dynamics of 27 countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
- The index evaluates countries based on their ability to influence and respond to external environments.
- The Asia Power Index categorizes power into resource-based and influence-based determinants:
- Resource-Based Determinants:
- Economic Capability: Evaluates a country’s economic strength through indicators like GDP (PPP), technological advancement, and economic connectivity.
- Military Capability: Measures conventional military strength based on defense spending, armed forces, and weapon systems.
- Resilience: Assesses the internal capacity to deter threats, including institutional strength and geopolitical security.
- Future Resources: Projects future resource distribution based on economic, military, and demographic factors expected by 2035.
- Influence-Based Determinants:
- Economic Relationships: Assesses the ability to leverage trade, investment, and economic diplomacy.
- Defense Networks: Evaluates the strength of alliances and military cooperation.
- Diplomatic Influence: Measures a country’s diplomatic reach, multilateral participation, and foreign policy ambitions.
- Cultural Influence: Considers the ability to shape global opinion through cultural exports and people-to-people ties.
Significance
- India’s rise in the 2024 Asia Power Index reflects its growing geopolitical stature and potential as a leading force in the region.
- Driven by robust economic growth, a youthful demographic profile, and increased diplomatic engagement, India is poised to expand its influence in the Indo-Pacific region.
- The Asia Power Index serves as a crucial tool for understanding how countries translate their resources into power, providing insights into the evolving dynamics of power in the Asia-Pacific landscape.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q4. India’s recent ascent to the third position in the Asia Power Index can be attributed to several factors. Which of the following statements are true regarding this development?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: A) 1 and 3 only B) 2 and 4 only C) 1, 2, and 3 only D) 1 and 4 only |
Q. Which one of the following is a purpose of ‘UDAY’, a scheme of the Government? (2016)
a. Providing technical and financial assistance to start-up entrepreneurs in the field of renewable sources of energy b. Providing electricity to every household in the country by 2018 c. Replacing the coal-based power plants with natural gas, nuclear, solar, wind and tidal power plants over a period of time d. Providing for financial turnaround and revival of power distribution companies Ans: d |
| Answer 4 A
Explanation
|
10 years of Make in India
Source: Business Today
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS3- Economy
Context: 10 years of Make in India
Why in news
The Make in India initiative, launched in 2014, aims to position India as a global manufacturing hub through significant investments, policy reforms, and a focus on job creation, while also addressing ongoing challenges in the sector.
Overview of the Make in India Initiative
- Launched on September 25, 2014, the Make in India initiative aims to transform India into a global manufacturing hub.
- It focuses on encouraging both domestic and foreign companies to manufacture their products in India, thereby boosting job creation, fostering innovation, enhancing skills, and increasing the overall competitiveness of the Indian manufacturing sector.
Make in-India Programme
- Launched in 2014, Make in India aims to transform the country into a leading global manufacturing and investment destination.
- It is being led by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.
- The initiative is an open invitation to potential investors and partners across the globe to participate in the growth story of ‘New India’.
- Make In India has substantial accomplishments across 27 sectors under Make in India 2.0 which include strategic sectors of manufacturing and services as well.
Objectives:
- To attract foreign investment for new industrialisation and develop the already existing industry base in India to surpass that of China.
- Target of an increase in manufacturing sector growth to 12-14% per annum over the medium term
- To increase the share of manufacturing sector in the country’s Gross Domestic Product from 16% to 25% by 2022
- To create 100 million additional jobs by 2022.
- To promote export-led growth.
Four Pillars:
- New Processes: ‘Make in India’ recognizes ‘Ease of Doing Business’ as the single most important factor to promote entrepreneurship for which a number of initiatives have already been undertaken. The aim is to de-license and de-regulate the industry during the entire life cycle of a business.
- New Infrastructure: The government intends to develop industrial corridors, strengthen existing infrastructure, and design a fast-paced registration system as part of its commitment to the growth of the industry.
- New Sectors: ‘Make in India’ has identified 27 sectors in manufacturing, infrastructure and service activities and detailed information is being shared through interactive web-portal and professionally developed brochures.
- New Mindset: ‘Make in India’ intends to bring a paradigm shift in how Government interacts with industry. The Government will partner industry in economic development of the country and the approach will be that of a facilitator and not regulator.
Key Achievements
- Mobile Manufacturing Boom: Growth in Manufacturing Units: The number of mobile manufacturing units increased from 2 in 2014 to 200. Export Surge: Mobile exports grew dramatically from ₹1,556 crore to ₹1.2 lakh crore, marking a 7500% increase. Domestic Production: Currently, 99% of mobile phones used in India are manufactured domestically, positioning India as the second-largest mobile manufacturer globally.
- Steel Production: India has become a net exporter of finished steel, with production increasing by over 50% since 2014.
- Semiconductor Manufacturing: The sector has attracted investments worth over ₹1.5 lakh crore, with five plants approved to collectively produce over 7 crore chips per day.
- Renewable Energy: India ranks as the fourth largest producer of renewable energy globally, with capacity having increased by 400% in the last decade.
- Electric Vehicle Industry: The electric vehicle sector, which was almost non-existent in 2014, is now valued at $3 billion.
- Investment and Job Creation: The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme has attracted ₹1.46 lakh crore in investments, resulting in ₹12 lakh crore of manufacturing output and sales, and generating 9 lakh jobs. Since 2014, cumulative Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows have reached $667.4 billion, a 119% increase compared to the previous decade.
- Ease of Doing Business: Over 42,000 compliances have been reduced, and 3,700 provisions decriminalized to facilitate smoother business operations. The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023 decriminalized 183 provisions across 42 Central Acts.
Challenges Ahead
- Job Creation: Despite substantial growth, challenges remain in creating enough jobs to meet the demands of a growing population and a rapidly evolving job market.
- Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): The expansion of the SME sector is crucial for job creation and overall economic health, yet it remains a challenge to ensure their growth and sustainability.
- Manufacturing Share in GDP: The share of manufacturing in India’s GDP has stagnated at about 17%, falling short of the 25% target set for 2030. This indicates a need for more aggressive policies and initiatives to uplift the manufacturing sector’s contribution to the economy.
- Continued Focus on Investment: While there has been significant investment, maintaining momentum in attracting both domestic and international investment is crucial for sustained growth.
- Regional Disparities: The government needs to address regional disparities in manufacturing and investment, ensuring that growth is inclusive and benefits all states and communities.
Conclusion
- The Make in India initiative has marked a significant shift in India’s manufacturing landscape, with notable achievements in various sectors.
- However, it faces ongoing challenges that need to be addressed to realize its full potential as a global manufacturing hub.
- Continued efforts in improving the ease of doing business, creating jobs, and fostering the growth of SMEs will be vital for sustaining momentum and achieving the ambitious targets set for the future.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
Q5. With the completion of a decade of the Make in India initiative, which of the following statements are correct?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: A) 1, 2, and 4 only |
Q. What is/are the recent policy initiative(s)of Government of India to promote the growth of manufacturing sector? (2012)
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans: (d) |
| Answer 5 A
Explanation
|
‘Paridhi 24×25’ – a bilingual web portal of VisioNxt and Begusarai Extension Centre
Source: PIB
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2058716
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS2- Polity and Governance
Context: ‘Paridhi 24×25’
Why in news
Union Minister of Textiles has launched India-specific fashion trend book, “Paridhi 24×25”.
Overview of the Event
On September 5, 2024, the Union Minister of Textiles inaugurated several key initiatives aimed at revolutionizing India’s fashion and textiles industry. This included the launch of:
- The India-specific fashion trend book titled “Paridhi 24×25.”
- A bilingual web portal for VisioNxt.
- An AI Taxonomy e-book.
Inauguration of NIFT Begusarai Extension Centre
This initiative harnesses artificial intelligence (AI) alongside human intelligence to provide localized insights into Indian fashion consumers, reflecting India’s cultural diversity and socio-economic nuances.
Alongside the trend forecasting initiatives, the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Begusarai Extension Centre was inaugurated. This centre is crucial for:
- Skill Development: The launch included a three-day workshop aimed at imparting basic tailoring and garment-construction skills. The first workshop trained 31 women from the Jeevika self-help group in cutting and tailoring, emphasizing the initiative’s commitment to inclusive growth for marginalized communities.
- Educational Facilities: The Minister toured various facilities at the centre, including pattern-making sections and garment construction labs, highlighting the institute’s focus on building a skilled workforce essential for the fashion industry.
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
During the event, an MoU was signed between NIFT and the National Skill Development Council (NSDC), reinforcing collaborative efforts to enhance skill development in the textiles sector. The Minister stressed the importance of NIFT in fostering a skilled workforce and enhancing the craft-led initiatives in the fashion industry.
Long-term Goals and Vision
The establishment of VisioNxt and the NIFT Begusarai Centre aligns with the broader vision of strengthening India’s textile sector and leveraging it for economic growth. The Prime Minister had previously pointed out the need for India-specific real-time trend insights, leading to the conception of VisioNxt in response to this gap.
The initiative aims to:
- Empower Local Artisans: By providing them with the necessary insights and support to thrive in the market.
- Boost Domestic Manufacturing: Fostering a culture of homegrown designs and reducing dependence on international brands and trends.
- Elevate India’s Global Standing: Enhancing India’s reputation in the global fashion industry through unique cultural representations and fashion vocabulary.
VisioNxt Fashion Forecasting Initiative
The VisioNxt Fashion Forecasting Initiative, launched by the Union Minister of Textiles, Shri Giriraj Singh, represents a significant advancement in India’s fashion industry. Here’s a comprehensive breakdown of the initiative and its implications:
Background and Launch
- Initiative Launch: The VisioNxt Fashion Forecasting Initiative was officially launched by Shri Giriraj Singh with support from the Union Minister of State for Textiles and External Affairs, Shri Pabitra Margherita, and Textiles Secretary, Smt. Rachna Shah.
- Leadership and Vision: The initiative is launched under the guidance of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. It aligns with the shift in India’s focus towards prioritizing indigenous design and manufacturing since 2014.
Objectives and Features
- AI and EI Integration: VisioNxt combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) to offer trend insights. This innovative approach aims to enhance the global competitiveness of Indian fashion and design.
- Trend Insights and Forecasting: The initiative provides detailed trend forecasting and insights specifically tailored to the Indian fashion and retail market. It aims to understand and project Indian consumers’ mindsets and aspirations.
- Geo-Specific Trends: VisioNxt focuses on identifying, mapping, and analyzing geo-specific fashion trends, reflecting India’s cultural diversity and socio-economic nuances.
Key Components
- Web Portal and Fashion Trend Book: The initiative includes a bilingual web portal (www.visionxt.in) and the India-specific Fashion Trend Book ‘Paridhi 24×25.’ These resources are available in Hindi and English and provide valuable insights and forecasts to various stakeholders in the fashion industry.
- DeepVision Model: A unique prediction model known as “DeepVision” has been developed to decode and interpret fashion trends in India. This model uses convolutional neural network architecture to analyze patterns and generate comprehensive trend reports with design and color directions.
- Dataset and Machine Learning: The initiative features an extensive dataset of over 70,000 primary apparel images and 280,000+ secondary images. This dataset supports the identification of patterns in apparel attributes such as style, color, and regional accents.
Impact and Advantages
- Reducing Dependence on Global Agencies: By establishing its own trend forecasting system, India reduces its reliance on international forecasting agencies. This move allows for more tailored and relevant insights specific to Indian fashion consumers.
- Empowering Domestic Stakeholders: The initiative supports weavers, manufacturers, retailers, homegrown designers, and fashion brands by providing them with tools and insights to design and produce consumer-focused collections.
- Enhancing Global Visibility: VisioNxt positions India prominently in the global fashion forecasting landscape, increasing the visibility of Indian fashion vocabulary and identity.
Significance of VisioNxt
- The event gathered over 150 industry leaders, including notable craftsmen and weavers from various craft clusters, showcasing a significant collaborative effort between government and industry stakeholders.
- VisioNxt represents a groundbreaking initiative that positions India as a player in predicting fashion trends, diminishing reliance on international trend forecasting agencies. Key features include:
- Micro Trend Reports: Over 60 reports that provide detailed insights into emerging fashion trends.
- Close-to-Season Trend Reports: More than 10 reports tailored to the upcoming fashion seasons.
- Research Papers: 3+ papers contributing to academic and practical knowledge in fashion.
- AI Taxonomy Book: The first of its kind in Indian wear categories, focusing on integrating AI with fashion forecasting.
Strategic Significance
- Aligning with National Goals: The initiative reflects India’s broader strategic goals of integrating technology with traditional industries and enhancing the nation’s global standing in fashion.
- Innovative Approach: Combining AI and EI, along with the development of a deep learning model for trend forecasting, marks a pioneering step for India in the fashion industry, showcasing the country’s capability in leveraging technology for industry advancement.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ | ||||||||
Q6. Match the following initiatives with their corresponding descriptions:
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: A) A-2, B-3, C-1 |
Q. With reference to digital payments, consider the following statements: (2018)
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Ans- a |
| Answer 6 A
Explanation
|