Current Affairs Reverse Engineering
Care (26-02-2024)
| News at a Glance
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| Ecology and Environment: Methane ‘Super Emitter’ |
| International: ECOWAS lifts sanctions against Mali and Guinea |
| Science and technology: Google pause Gemini’s ability to generate AI images of people |
| National: Rooftop Solar Power Amendments |
| Art and Culture – Mahamastakabhisheka Celebrations |
| Health- Kala Azar Eradication |
| Defence- EXERCISE DHARMA GUARDIAN 2024 |
Methane ‘Super Emitter’
Source: Down to Earth
Context: Human-Caused Methane ‘Super Emitter’ and Environmental Impact
UPSC Syllabus Relevance GS 3 ( Human Caused for Pollution and Impact)
Why in news
- ‘Super emitter’ events, characterized by significant methane emissions into the atmosphere, have garnered attention due to their environmental impact. These events were identified through satellite data analysis.
The Kazakhstan Blowout
- The recent Kazakhstan blowout has raised concerns, as it resulted in a fire that burned for over six months, emitting an estimated 127,000 tonnes of methane.
- This incident is regarded as one of the worst methane leaks recorded, with environmental consequences equivalent to the emissions of over 717,000 petrol cars in a year, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Impact
- Methane emissions, more potent than carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming, have led to a 30% rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution.
- Methane possesses over 80 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide over 20 years and approximately 28 times over 100 years.
Causes and Sources
- Human-caused methane emissions stem from various sources, including fossil fuel exploration, production, transportation, agriculture (primarily from livestock), and waste sites.
- These emissions have been on the rise, particularly from fossil fuel facilities.
Solutions and Mitigation
- Addressing fossil fuel leaks presents an opportunity for mitigation.
- Measures to plug leaks and prevent deliberate venting can be implemented at minimal or no extra cost, as captured gas can be sold.
- Governments and organizations are increasingly committed to reducing methane leaks, with initiatives like the Global Methane Pledge.
Technological Advancements
- Advancements in technology, such as MethaneSAT, a satellite developed by the Environmental Defense Fund and Google, equipped with AI, aim to map, quantify, and reduce methane leaks from oil and gas operations globally.
- This technology promises to enhance understanding and mitigation efforts.
Global Initiatives
- Around 150 countries have joined the Global Methane Pledge, signaling a global commitment to reducing methane emissions by 30% by the end of the decade.
- In conclusion, addressing human-caused methane emissions is crucial in mitigating climate change, and concerted global efforts, coupled with technological innovations, are essential in this endeavor.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q 1. Consider the following statements with reference to MethaneSAT:
1. MethaneSAT is a satellite developed by ISRO. 2. Its primary objective is to map, quantify, and reduce methane leaks specifically from oil and gas operations on a global scale. Which of the above statement is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
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Q. Which of the following statements is/are correct about the deposits of ‘methane hydrate’? (UPSC Prelims 2019)
1. Global warming might trigger the release of methane gas from these deposits. 2. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ are found in Arctic Tundra and under the sea floor. 3. Methane in atmosphere oxidises to carbon dioxide after a decade or two. Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3 Answer: D
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| Ans 1 B
Explanation
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ECOWAS lifts sanctions against Mali and Guinea
Source: The Hindu
Context: ECOWAS, West Africa’s regional bloc eases sanctions on Guinea and Mali
UPSC Syllabus relevance: GS 2 (International Organisations)
Why in news
- West Africa’s regional bloc ECOWAS said that it was easing sanctions imposed on Guinea and Mali, a day after announcing a similar decision for Niger, another country under military rule.
Key highlights
- ECOWAS said it was lifting financial and economic sanctions against Guinea and ending restrictions on the recruitment of Malians to professional positions within the bloc’s institutions.
- The economic sanctions were imposed on Guinea after its military coup in September 2021.
- ECOWAS announced the lifting of sanctions imposed on Niger 2 days back.
Sanctions lifted from Niger
- Almost all the sanctions imposed on Niger have been lifted,” including land, sea, and air blockades, and sanctions barring Niger from economic and financial institutions in the region.
- However, ECOWAS placed “some conditions” on the lifting of the sanctions, he added. “They want the immediate release of President Mohamed Bazoum and members of his family.”
- ECOWAS closed borders and imposed the strict measures on Niger last year after soldiers detained President Mohamed Bazoum on July 26 and set up a transitional government, one of a series of recent military takeovers that have exposed the bloc’s inability to halt democratic backsliding.
- Niger’s President Bazoum was deposed in a military coup last July, prompting ECOWAS to suspend trade and impose sanctions on the country.
- He is still imprisoned in the presidential palace in Niamey.
- On the eve of the summit, his lawyers urged ECOWAS to demand his release.
Why sanctions were lifted
- Easing sanctions is seen as a gesture of appeasement as ECOWAS tries to persuade the three states to remain in the nearly 50-year-old alliance and rethink a withdrawal.
- Their planned exit would undermine regional integration efforts and bring a messy disentanglement from the bloc’s trade and services flows, worth nearly $150bn a year.
- After Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger announced that they would permanently withdraw from the alliance and formed a grouping called the Alliance of Sahel States, “the ECOWAS institution itself was shaken”.
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
- The 15 members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
- The main goal of ECOWAS is to promote economic cooperation among member states in order to raise living standards and promote economic development.
- ECOWAS has also worked to address some security issues by developing a peacekeeping force for conflicts in the region.
- ECOWAS established its free trade area in 1990 and adopted a common external tariff in January 2015.
- The president of the ECOWAS Commission, is Omar Alieu Touray.
Alliance of Sahel States (AES)
- The Alliance of Sahel States (AES) is a mutual defense pact between Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso.
- The pact was announced on September 16, 2023.
- The AES’s objective is to help fight extremist violence in the Sahel, an arid region south of the Sahara.
- The pact commits the three countries to help each other defend their territorial integrity from internal and external aggression.
- The AES also aims to improve the region’s stability and global development.
- The alliance has been financing and coordinating over 1200 projects with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger to address social, demographic, economic, and environmental challenges.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q2. Consider the following statements:
1. Alliance of Sahel States is a grouping formed by Mali, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. 2. ECOWAS lifted sanctions on Mali, Niger and Guinea recently.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only B. 2 Only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
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Q. With reference to ‘BIMSTEC’, consider the following: (UPSC Prelims 2023)
1. It is a regional organization comprising seven Member States lying in the littoral and adjacent areas of the Bay of Bengal constituting a contiguous regional unity. 2. It constitutes seven Member States: five deriving from South Asia, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and two from Southeast Asia, including Myanmar and Indonesia. 3. Sri Lanka to host 5th BIMSTEC Summit Which of the above statements is/are correct? A. 1 only B.1 and 3 only C.1 and 2 only D. All of the above
Answer B |
| Answer 2– B
Explanation – · The Alliance of Sahel States (AES) is a mutual defense pact between Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. The pact was announced on September 16, 2023. · The AES’s objective is to help fight extremist violence in the Sahel, an arid region south of the Sahara. The pact commits the three countries to help each other defend their territorial integrity from internal and external aggression. So, statement 1 is correct. · West Africa’s regional bloc ECOWAS said that it was easing sanctions imposed on Guinea and Mali, a day after announcing a similar decision for Niger, another country under military rule. So, statement 2 is correct.
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Google pause Gemini’s ability to generate AI images of people
Source: The Hindu
Context: Generative AI tool, Gemini was found to be generating inaccurate historical images.
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS 3 (General Science and technology, Artificial Intelligence)
Why in News
- On February 22, Google announced it would pause Gemini’s ability to generate images of people.
Issues users raised
- Several users on the microblogging platform X have pointed out instances where the Gemini chatbot seemingly refused to generate images of white people, leading to factually inaccurate results.
- Even prompts for historically significant figures like the “Founding Fathers of America” or “the Pope” resulted in images of people of colour, sparking concerns about the bot’s biases.
Gemini facing backlash in India
- Gemini, Google’s artificial intelligence chat product, in response to a query from a user “Is Modi a fascist?”, responded by saying that he is accused of implementing policies that experts “categorised as fascist”.
- In response, India’s Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology, Rajeev Chandrasekhar said the chatbot is violating Indian information technology laws and criminal codes through its response.
- His response is being viewed as a sign of a growing rift between the government’s hands-off approach to AI research, and tech giant’s AI platforms, which are keen to train their models with the general public.
Tech community response
- The tech community has expressed criticism, with Paul Graham, co-founder of Y Combinator, describing the generated images as reflective of Google’s bureaucratic corporate culture.
- Ana Mostarac, head of operations at Mubadala Ventures, suggested that Google’s mission has shifted from organising information globally to advancing a particular agenda.
Google’s official response to the criticisms
- Google is working on fixing the issue and has temporarily disabled the image generation feature.
- The company aims to refine Gemini’s responses to open-ended prompts and enhance its understanding of historical contexts to ensure a more accurate and unbiased AI system.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q3. Consider the following pairs:
AI Tool Company 1. Gemini Google 2. Designer Microsoft 3. Sora DRDO Which of the above pairs is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1,2 and 3
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Q. With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements: (UPSC Prelims 2022)
1. Web 3.0 technology enables people to control their own data. 2. In Web 3.0 world, there can be blockchain based social networks. 3. Web 3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation Which of the following given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
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| Answer 3 B
Explanation · Gemini, is Google’s artificial intelligence chat product. Gemini was found to be generating inaccurate historical images. So, pair 1 is matched correctly. · Microsoft Designer is an AI powered visual design app that enables you to create stunning visuals in a flash. So, pair 2 is matched correctly. · ChatGPT maker OpenAI has unveiled Sora, its artificial intelligence engine for converting text prompts into video. Sora is similar to other AI image generators, but with more steps. It works using a diffusion model, which turns a video into static. So, pair 3 is not matched. |
Rooftop Solar Power Amendments
Source: Indian Express
UPSC Syllabus relevance: GS Paper – 2 Government Policies & Interventions, GS Paper – 3 Mineral & Energy Resources Conservation
Context: Amendments to Electricity Rules Accelerate Rooftop Solar Power and Empower Consumers
Why in news
- The Ministry of Power’s recent amendments to the Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020, have streamlined the process for rooftop solar installation, reducing the requirement for technical feasibility reports and shortening timelines.
Key Highlights
- Now, distribution companies (DISCOMs) have only 15 days to conduct feasibility studies, making it easier and faster for consumers to adopt solar energy.
- Additionally, the rules mandate DISCOMs to cover the costs of strengthening distribution infrastructure for rooftop solar projects, further incentivizing adoption.
Amendments
- The amendments introduce provisions for consumers in residential societies to opt for either individual connections or a single-point connection through transparent voting processes.
- This flexibility enhances consumer choice, with over 50% of owners having the power to decide.
- Moreover, DISCOMs are now required to address complaints regarding meter readings promptly by installing additional meters within five days, ensuring accurate billing and consumer satisfaction.
Expedited Process for New Electricity Connections
- With the revised rules, obtaining a new electricity connection or modifying an existing one has become significantly faster across different areas—three days in metropolitan areas, seven days in municipal areas, and 15 days in rural areas.
- Notably, for EV owners, DISCOMs are mandated to provide separate connections for EV charging points, reflecting a proactive approach towards supporting electric vehicle adoption and sustainability efforts.
- These amendments mark a significant stride towards fostering renewable energy adoption, enhancing consumer convenience, and promoting sustainable practices in the energy sector.
About rule 3 of the Electricity Act
- Rule 3(1)(a) of the Electricity Rules states that to qualify as a captive generating plant, at least 26% of the power plant’s ownership must be held by the captive user(s).
- The rule also states that at least 51% of the aggregate electricity generated by the plant must be consumed for captive use.
- The electricity is determined on an annual basis.
- The proviso to Rule 3(1)(a) states that in case of association of persons, the shareholding held by persons claiming to be CGP should not be less than 26%.
- It also states that the electricity consumed by them must not be less 51% of the total consumption, in proportion to their shares in ownership.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q4. Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of recent amendments to the Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020, on rooftop solar installation processes?
A. The amendments have increased the requirement for technical feasibility reports, delaying the installation of rooftop solar projects. B. Distribution companies (DISCOMs) now have 20 days to conduct feasibility studies, allowing for thorough assessment before solar panel installation. C. The amendments have streamlined the process by reducing the requirement for technical feasibility reports and shortening timelines to 15 days, facilitating easier and faster adoption of solar energy. D. DISCOMs are no longer involved in the rooftop solar installation process, leaving it entirely to consumers to manage.
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Q. With reference to solar power production in India, consider the following statements: (UPSC Prelims 2018)
1. India is the third largest in the world in the manufacture of silicon wafers used in photovoltaic units. 2. The solar power tariffs are determined by the Solar Energy Corporation of India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: D
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Answer 4: C Explanation: · The recent amendments to the Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020, on rooftop solar installation processes have streamlined the process for rooftop solar installation by reducing the requirement for technical feasibility reports and shortening the timelines to 15 days, making it easier and faster for consumers to adopt solar energy. · This highlights the positive impact of the amendments on promoting renewable energy adoption.
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Mahamastakabhisheka Celebrations
Source: The HinduUPSC Syllabus relevance: GS 1 (Art and Culture)
Context: Nine-Day Mahamastakabhisheka Celebrations Begin at Venur
Why in news
- The nine-day Mahamastakabhisheka of Baahubali on the banks of Phalguni began with the performance of 108 Kalashabhishekas by the family members of Padmaprasad Ajila, the head of the Ajila royal family of Aladangadi (who installed the statue).
About Mahamastakabhisheka
- The Mahamastakabhisheka Mahotsava of Bhagavan Shri Bahubali Swami, the first Mokshagami and son of the first Theerthankara of Jainism, began with rituals at Venur in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka.
- The Mahamastakabhisheka refers to the abhisheka (anointment) of the Jain images when held on a large scale.
- The most famous of such consecrations is the anointment of the located at Shravanabelagola(Hassan district) in Karnataka, India.
- It Is an important Jain festival held once in every 12 years.
- It is an integral part of the ancient and composite Jain tradition.
- Karnataka has many important Jain pilgrim centres, temples and monuments.
- Shravanabelagola, Dharmasthala, Karkala, Moodbidri, Venur, Humcha and Narasimharajapura astonish the visitors by their vast and abundant Jain heritage.
About Bahubali
- Bahubali, according to the traditions of Jainism is the son of the first Tirthankara Rishabhanatha.
- After Bahubali won a duel with his half-brother for control of the kingdom, he is believed by the Jains to have realized the transience of temporal affairs and renounced the world.
- According to legend, he then stood immobile, with feet straight ahead and arms at his side, meditating for an entire year in the Yogic position of kayotsarga (“dismissing the body”).
- He was so unmindful of the world around him that vines grew undisturbed up his arms and legs and anthills rose around his feet.
- His meditation led him to true victory over human passion and, according to the beliefs of the Digambara sect of Jainism, enabled him to become the first human of this kalpa (world age) to gain liberation.
About Jainism
- Jainism, founded by Vardhamana Mahavira around 540 B.C., is a religion emphasizing non-violence (ahimsa) and self-discipline.
- Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, preached for thirty years before attaining omniscience (kaivalya) at 42 and passing away at 72.
- The religion advocates five great vows: non-violence (ahimsa), truth (satya), non-stealing (asteya), celibacy (brahmacharya), and non-attachment (aparigraha).
- Central to Jainism are the three jewels: right faith (samyak darshana), right knowledge (samyak gyana), and right conduct (samyak charitra).
- Texts containing Mahavira’s teachings are called the Agamas.
- Jainism does not have a deity-centric structure and emphasizes self-help rather than relying on divine intervention.
- Over time, Jainism split into two major sects: Shvetambaras, who wear white clothes, and Digambaras, who are sky-clad.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q 5. Consider the following statements with reference to Mahamastakabhisheka Mahotsava:
1. It marks the anointment of Jain images on a large scale, including the famous consecration at Shravanabelagola. 2. It is a festival celebrated once every 12 years to honor the first Theerthankara of Jainism. Which of the above statement is/are incorrect? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
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Q Mahamastakabhisheka, a great religious event, is associated with and done for who of the following? (UPSC Prelims 2018)
A. Bahubali B. Buddha C. Mahavira D. Nataraja Answer: A
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| Answer 5– B
Explanation · The Mahamastakabhisheka Mahotsava of Bhagavan Shri Bahubali Swami, the first Mokshagami and son of the first Theerthankara of Jainism, began with rituals at Venur in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. · The Mahamastakabhisheka refers to the abhisheka (anointment) of the Jain images when held on a large scale. · The most famous of such consecrations is the anointment of the located at Shravanabelagola(Hassan district) in Karnataka, India. · It Is an important Jain festival held once in every 12 years. So, statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is incorrect. Therefore, correct answer is option B. |
Kala Azar Elimination
Source: All India Air
UPSC Syllabus relevance: GS 3 (Science and technology), Prelims ( reports)
Context: Kala Azar is the second deadliest parasitic disease after malaria in the country.
Why in news
- India has reported less than one case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), commonly known as kala azar, per 10,000 population, a major step towards eliminating the often fatal, parasitic disease.
Key highlights
- India has achieved the target of reporting less than one case of Kala Azar per 10,000 population across all blocks in 2023.
- Data from the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme showed that there were 595 cases and four deaths of Kala Azar reported nationwide last year compared to 891 cases and three deaths in 2022.
- India needs to sustain this momentum over the next three years to receive WHO certification.
- India’s initial target year for Kala Azar elimination was 2010, which was later extended to 2015, 2017, and then 2020.
- Elimination for Kala Azar is defined as no block in the country reporting more than one case per 10,000 people.
- In October 2023, Bangladesh became the first country in the world to be officially validated by the WHO for eliminating Kala Azar as a public health problem.
- The Regional Strategic Framework for Elimination of Kala-azar from the South-East Asia Region (2005–2015) was also launched by WHO-SEARO in 2005.
About Kala Azar Disease
- Kala Azar or black fever is a disease caused by infection with Leishmania parasites. It is transmitted by female sandfly – Phlebotomus argentipes.
- It is also known as visceral leishmaniasis or black fever or Dum fever.
Symptoms
- Initially, leishmania parasites cause skin sores or ulcers at the site of the bite. If the disease progresses, it attacks the immune system.
- Kala azar presents after two to eight months with more generalized symptoms including prolonged fever and weakness.
Treatment:
- Treatment of Kala Azar is done through liposomal AmB.
- There are other treatment options available such as paromomycin, miltefosin and multidrug therapy treatment.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q6. Consider the following statements with reference to Kala Azar:
1. India, is the first country in the world to eliminate Kala Azar. 2. Kala Azar is caused by Leishmania parasites and transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes.
Which of the above statement is/are incorrect? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
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Q. Consider the following statements: (2017)
1. In tropical regions, Zika virus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits dengue. 2. Sexual transmission of Zika virus disease is possible. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: D
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| Answer 6– A
Explanation · In October 2023, Bangladesh became the first country in the world to be officially validated by the WHO for eliminating Kala Azar as a public health problem. So, statement 1 is incorrect. · Kala Azar or black fever is a disease caused by infection with Leishmania parasites. It is transmitted by female sandfly – Phlebotomus argentipes. It is also known as visceral leishmaniasis or black fever or Dum fever. · Initially, leishmania parasites cause skin sores or ulcers at the site of the bite. If the disease progresses, it attacks the immune system. · Kala azar presents after two to eight months with more generalized symptoms including prolonged fever and weakness. So, statement 2 is correct. Therefore, correct answer is option A.
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Exercise DHARMA GUARDIAN 2024
Source: PIB
UPSC Syllabus relevance: Prelims (Military exercise)
Context: Military Exercise ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ between the Indian Army and the Japan Force held
Why in news
- The 5th edition of Joint Military Exercise ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ between the Indian Army and the Japan Ground Self Defence Force commenced at Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan.
Key highlights
- Exercise ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ is an annual exercise and conducted alternatively in India and Japan.
- The contingent of both sides comprises of 40 personnel each.
- The Japanese contingent is being represented by troops from the 34th Infantry Regiment and Indian Army contingent is being represented by a Battalion from the Rajputana Rifles.
- Aim of the Exercise is to foster Military Cooperation and enhance combined capabilities to execute joint operations in semi-urban environment under Chapter VII of United Nations Charter.
- The Exercise would focus on high degree of physical fitness, joint planning, joint tactical drills and basics of special arms skills.
- Tactical drills to be practiced during the Exercise will include establishing of Temporary Operating Base, creating an Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Grid, setting up Mobile Vehicle Check Post, executing Cordon and Search Operations in a hostile village, Heliborne operations and House Intervention Drills.
- A Weapon and Equipment Display will also be organised showcasing ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative and the growing defence industrial capability of the country.
About Exercise Dharma Guardians
- It is an annual training event which is being conducted in India since 2018.
- The exercise covers platoon level joint training on operations in jungle and semi urban/urban terrain.
- The joint exercise schedule includes house interventions drills, raid on terrorist hideouts in semi urban terrain, combat first aid, unarmed combat & close quarter combat firing where both sides will jointly train, plan and execute a series of well-developed tactical drills for neutralisation of likely threats.
- Special emphasis is being laid on enhancing tactical skills to fight global terrorism and on enhancing inter-operability between the forces and to promote Army to Army relations.
Other Military Exercises between India and Japan
- Malabar: India and Japan with the United States and Australia participate in the naval wargaming exercise named Malabar.
- JIMEX (naval)
- SHINYUU Maitri (Air Force)
India- Japan Defence ties
- India and Japan have been cooperating on defense since the 2000s.
- Their defense cooperation has increased in recent years due to a growing shared outlook on issues of security, peace, and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.
India and Japan have several frameworks for defense dialogue, including:
- Foreign and Defense Ministerial Meeting (“2+2” meeting)
- Annual Defense Ministerial Dialogue
- Coast Guard-to-Coast Guard dialogue
Some other landmark pacts signed between the two countries include:
- 2015 Agreements Concerning the Transfer of Defence Equipment and Technology and Security Measures for the Protection of Classified Military Information
- 2021 Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA)
- 2022 Memorandum of Cooperation in the Field
- In addition to defense cooperation, India and Japan also collaborate on maritime cooperation.
- In 1999, the two countries began joint exercises between their coast guards following the Alondra Rainbow incident.
- In 2004, they also collaborated on repairing damage from the tsunami.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q7. Q. With reference to Military exercises, consider the following pairs:
Military exercises Countries involved 1. DHARMA GUARDIAN : India & Japan 2. SHINYUU Maitri: India & Thailand 3. Malabar : India and Nepal Which of the pairs given above is/are incorrect? A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 D. 3 only
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Q With reference to Military exercises, consider the following pairs: ( UPSC Prelims 2017)
Military exercises Countries involved 1. Surya Kiran India & France 2. Sampriti India & Bangladesh 3. Shakti India & Nepal Which of the pairs given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 B. 2 only C. 1 and 3 D. 3 only Answer: B
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| Answer 7– B
Explanation · The 5th edition of Joint Military Exercise ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ between the Indian Army and the Japan Ground Self Defence Force commenced at Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan. · Other Military Exercises between India and Japan · Malabar: India and Japan with the United States and Australia participate in the naval wargaming exercise named Malabar. · JIMEX (naval) · SHINYUU Maitri (Air Force) |