Current Affairs Reverse Engineering
Care (1-03-2024)
| News at a Glance
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| Economy: India’s GDP Growth Estimate |
| Ecology and Environment: India’s Leopard Population |
| ‘PM-Surya Ghar: Green Energy Initiative |
| National: Investing In Children Care & Education |
| Article 25 of the Indian Constitution |
| Science and Technology: Lancet study shows obesity rates going up across world |
India’s GDP Growth Estimate raised
Source: The Hindu
Context: : India’s GDP Growth Estimate for Current Year Raised to 7.6%
UPSC Syllabus Relevance GS 3 ( Indian Economy and Indications)
Why in news
- Recently the National Statistical Office (NSO) revised India’s real GDP growth estimate for the current year to 7.6%, up from the previously projected 7.3%.
Gross Value Added (GVA) Projections
- The upward adjustment comes amid a flurry of revisions in the economy’s growth trajectory.
- NSO scaled down its growth estimate for 2022-23 from 7.2% to 7%, while raising the estimate for 2021-22 from 9.1% to 9.7%.
- The NSO projects a 6.9% rise in Gross Value Added (GVA) for the economy this year, with a downgrade in last year’s GVA growth to 6.7% from 7%.
- Notably, GDP growth for the initial two quarters of this year saw an increase to 8.2% and 8.1%, respectively, with a further rise to 8.4% expected for the October to December 2023 quarter.
Economists’ Insights
- Economists expressed surprise at the GVA growth decline in the third quarter to 6.5% from earlier estimates, highlighting concerns over private consumption, which grew marginally to 3.5% in Q3 from 2.4% in Q2.
Downgrading Full-Year Growth Estimate
- The full-year growth estimate was downgraded to 3% from the previously reckoned 4.4% in early January.
Challenges in the Farm Sector
- The farm sector witnessed a contraction of 0.8% in Q3, with a projected meager rise of 0.7% for the full year, compared to 4.7% growth in 2022-23.
- Chief Economic Advisor V. Anantha Nageswaran expressed optimism about the sector’s recovery next year.
Factors Driving Growth
- Industrial growth, particularly in construction, manufacturing, and mining sectors, has been instrumental in lifting growth this year. Notably, construction witnessed a remarkable 10.7% rise, while manufacturing showed an 8.5% increase.
Concerns and Further Exploration
- Despite the upward revision in GDP growth, concerns persist regarding consumption demand, which remains weak, particularly in lower-income households.
- Some anomalies in the data, including the divergence between GVA and GDP growth rates, require further exploration.
Core Sector Performance
- Output growth in core sectors hit a 15-month low of 3.6% in January, attributed to contractions in fertilizer and refinery production.
- However, overall output levels reached a 10-month high.
Outlook
- While the core sector’s performance presents a mixed picture, indicators like cement and steel output growth, indicative of capital expenditure, remain relatively strong despite challenges.
- Economists project an Industrial Production (IIP) growth of 2%-4% in January, buoyed by positive trends in other high-frequency indicators.
Some other estimates for India’s growth rate:
- National Statistical Office: 7% in FY 2022-23
- Economic Survey: 6.5% in 2023-24
- Reserve Bank of India (RBI): 6.4% in FY 2023-24
About GDP of India
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a broad measure of a country’s economic health.
- It’s calculated as the total monetary value of all finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
- GDP is the total of all value added created in an economy.
- Value added means the value of goods and services that have been produced minus the value of the goods and services needed to produce them.
GDP can be calculated in three ways
- Production approach: The sum of the value-added at each stage of production.
- Expenditure approach: The sum of purchases made by final users.
- Income approach: The sum of the incomes generated by production subjects.
- GDP can also be calculated as:
- GDP = C + G + I + NX
- Where: C = Consumption, G = Government spending, I = Investment, NX = Net exports
- GDP is the most commonly used measure of economic activity.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q1. Consider the following statements:
1. The World bank revised India’s real GDP growth estimate for the current year to 7.6% from the previously projected 7.3%. 2. According to National Statistical Office (NSO), Industrial Production (IIP) growth of 2-4% has been noticed in January. Which of the above statements is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
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Q. With reference to Indian economy, consider the following statements: (UPSC Prelims 2015)
1. The rate of growth of Real Gross Domestic Product has steadily increased in the last decade. 2. The Gross Domestic Product at market prices (in rupees) has steadily increased in the last decade. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Ans: B
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| Ans 1 B
Explanation
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India’s Leopard Population
Source: The Hindu
Context: GS Paper – 3 (Conservation Government Policies & Interventions)
UPSC Syllabus relevance: India’s Leopard Population Rises to 13,874; M.P. on Top
Why in news
- Recently the US Chamber of Commerce released the 12th edition of the International IP (Intellectual Property) Index.
Key highlights
- India’s leopard population has witnessed a notable surge, reaching 13,874 according to a report released in 2022, compared to 12,852 in 2018, marking an 8% increase.
- The report also indicates an annual growth rate of 1.08% between 2018 and 2022, attributing this rise to the establishment of new protected areas and a reduction in habitat loss due to human activities.
- Madhya Pradesh leads with the highest number of leopards reported (3,907), followed by Maharashtra (1,985), Karnataka (1,879), and Tamil Nadu (1,070). However, Uttarakhand witnessed a 22% decline in leopard numbers, attributed to poaching and human-animal conflicts.
- Conversely, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and West Bengal collectively observed a 150% rise, totaling 349 animals.
- The survey encompassed 20 Indian states, focusing on approximately 70% of the expected habitat within tiger reserves and protected forest areas.
- Unlike tigers, leopards demonstrate adaptability and are found in varied landscapes, including villages and cities, often leading to conflicts with humans.
Habitat Conservation
- Approximately one-third of leopards inhabit protected areas, emphasizing the interconnectedness of tiger reserve conservation efforts with leopard habitat preservation.
Survey Methodology
- Conducted as part of a quadrennial survey to monitor tigers, co-predators, prey, and their habitats, the leopard census employed scientific methodologies combining habitat evaluation, camera trapping, and population modeling.
- Field teams traversed 641,449 km of trails, deploying camera traps at 32,803 locations, resulting in 85,488 leopard photo-captures from 470,881,881 photographs.
Status of Protection of Leopard in India
- The leopard holds a vulnerable status on the IUCN Red List and is classified under Appendix I of CITES. In India, it is listed under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, reflecting the concerted efforts towards its conservation.
About Wildlife Institute of India
- Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
- It was established in 1982.
- It is based in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
- It offers training programs, academic courses, and advisory in wildlife research and management.
About National Tiger Conservation Authority
- National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.
- It was established in 2005 following the recommendations of the Tiger Task Force.
- It was constituted under enabling provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006, for strengthening tiger conservation, as per powers and functions assigned to it.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q2. Consider the following statements:
1. India’s leopard population has witnessed a notable surge, reaching 12,852 according to a report released in 2022. 2. The leopard holds a vulnerable status on the IUCN Red List and is classified under Appendix I of CITES. Which of the above statement is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
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Q. Consider the following: (UPSC Prelims 2012)
1. Black-necked crane 2. Cheetah 3. Flying squirrel 4. Snow leopard Which of the above are naturally found in India? A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 1, 3 and 4 only C. 2 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Ans: B
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| Answer 2– B
Explanation – · India’s leopard population has witnessed a notable surge, reaching 13,874 according to a report released in 2022, compared to 12,852 in 2018, marking an 8% increase. So, the statement 1 is incorrect. · The leopard holds a vulnerable status on the IUCN Red List and is classified under Appendix I of CITES. In India, it is listed under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, reflecting the concerted efforts towards its conservation. So, the statement 2 is correct. · Hence option B is correct answer.
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‘PM-Surya Ghar: Green Energy Initiative
Source: The Hindu
Context: Recently, the Union Cabinet gave its nod to the ‘PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana,’ allocating a total sum of Rs 75,021 crore.
UPSC Syllabus Relevance: GS 3 (Green Energy Initiative and government scheme)
Why in News
- ‘Free Electricity’ Solar Scheme aims to facilitate the installation of rooftop solar panels and free electricity of up to 300 units every month for one crore households.
Key Highlights
- The scheme offers a 60% Constant Factor Allowance (CFA) for 2 kW systems and a 40% CFA for systems between 2 to 3 kW capacity, capped at 3 kW. Subsidies are deposited into recipients’ bank accounts within 30 days.
- Implementation of the scheme will be overseen by state-run REC Ltd through special purpose vehicles established by central public sector enterprises for each state.
- Additionally, a national portal will provide information such as system size, vendor rating, and a benefits calculator.
Centre’s Push for Green Energy
- The initiative to install solar panels was unveiled by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman during the interim budget for 2024-25.
- This rooftop solar endeavor aims to incentivize individuals to invest in solar installations and contribute energy back to the grid, potentially resulting in annual savings of ₹15,000.
Scheme Benefits
- Free electricity for households.
- Reduced electricity costs for the government.
- Increased utilization of renewable energy.
- Decreased carbon emissions.
About PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana
- PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana is a government initiative aimed at providing free electricity to households in India.
- It is expected to benefit 1 crore households and save the government Rs. 75,000 crore annually in electricity costs.
Eligibility
- To avail of the scheme, households must:
- Be Indian citizens.
- Own a house suitable for solar panel installation.
- Have a valid electricity connection.
- Not have availed any other subsidy for solar panels.
Solar Energy in India
- India possesses vast potential for solar energy, receiving peak solar radiation for 300 days annually.
- The government aims to increase India’s renewable energy installed capacity to 500 GW by 2030 and source nearly half of its energy from non-fossil fuel sources by the same year.
- Challenges facing the solar energy sector include lack of domestic manufacturing, space scarcity, financing mechanisms, low tariffs, and waste management.
- To address these challenges, the government has launched various schemes, including the Solar Park Scheme, Rooftop Solar Scheme, Pradhanmantri Suryodaya Yojana, Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme, and other.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q3. Consider the following statements with reference to PM-Surya Ghar:
1. The scheme aims to facilitate the installation of rooftop solar panels and provide free electricity of up to 300 units every year for one crore households. 2. Scheme is funded by Asian Development Bank and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Which of the above statements is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
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Consider the following statements: (UPSC Prelims 2016)
1. The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015. 2. The Alliance includes all the member countries of the United Nations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Ans: A
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| Answer 3 A
Explanation · Recently, the Union Cabinet gave its nod to the ‘PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana,’ allocating a total sum of Rs 75,021 crore. The scheme aims to facilitate the installation of rooftop solar panels and provide free electricity of up to 300 units every month for one crore households. So, the statement 1 is correct. · It is a part of the government’s initiative to promote solar energy and provide free electricity to households, but Scheme is not funded by Asian Development Bank and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. So, the statement 2 is incorrect. · Hence option A is correct answer. |
Investing In Children Care & Education
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus relevance: GS Paper – 2 Education Government Policies & Interventions, Issues Related to Women Issues Related to Children
Context: The National Education Policy 2020 proposes the incorporation of early childhood care and education (ECCE) into the formal education system.
Why in news
- The importance of early childhood care and education (ECCE) is gaining recognition in India, with recent initiatives and budget allocations aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of ECCE services.
Underinvestment in ECCE
- Historical Neglect: Early Childhood Education and Care (ECCE) has been historically underfunded, overlooked in favor of later educational stages, despite its foundational importance for long-term development and well-being.
- Perception Issues: ECCE is often trivialized as mere child’s play or deemed to be the responsibility of households, undervaluing its potential impact on societal and economic development.
- Gender Bias: The undervaluation is partly attributed to ECCE being traditionally seen as women’s work, leading to its marginalization in public policy and investment priorities.
- Lack of Government Focus: Despite recognizing the demographic dividend, Indian policy has not adequately prioritized or invested in ECCE infrastructure, quality of teaching, or accessibility, missing critical opportunities for enhancing national development.
- Inadequate Research and Data: There’s a significant gap in localized, systematic research on ECCE’s socio-economic benefits within the Indian context, hindering evidence-based policy-making and investment.
About Anganwadi
- Anganwadi is a rural child and maternal care center in India.
- Launched in 1975 as part of the Integrated Child Development Services program to address child hunger and malnutrition.
- Offers six services: supplementary nutrition, pre-school non-formal education, immunization, health check-ups, nutrition and health education, and referral services.
- Implemented by States/UTs under a centrally sponsored scheme.
- Beneficiaries identified through Aadhaar.
Policy and Investment in ECCE in India
- Increased Budget Allocations: The Indian government has notably increased its investment in ECCE, tripling the outlay for teaching-learning materials in recent years.
- This reflects a growing recognition of the importance of early childhood education in the nation’s developmental agenda.
- Anganwadi System Expansion: Significant funds have been allocated to the Anganwadi system, which serves as the backbone of public ECCE provision in India. This investment aims to enhance infrastructure, improve service quality, and expand access to education and care for India’s youngest citizens.
- National Initiatives for Quality Improvement: Programs like the National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN) Bharat and Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi have been launched to address foundational literacy and numeracy, and to integrate nutrition with education in early childhood settings, thereby elevating the quality of ECCE.
- Focus on Human Resource Development: The government is making strides in providing Ayushman Bharat services for Anganwadi workers, Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA), and helpers. This policy move not only aims to improve the health and well-being of the workforce but also to professionalize and strengthen the capacity of those directly involved in delivering ECCE services.
Various government Policies for welfare & education for children
- The National Policy for Children (1974) led to the initiation of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in 1975, aiming for holistic child development and caregiver capability enhancement.
- The National Policy on Education (1986) highlights early childhood care and education (ECCE) as vital for human development, acknowledging its integrated nature.
- The National Nutrition Policy (1993) recommended interventions for early childhood care and nutrition.
- The 12th Five-Year Plan prioritizes systemic reforms in ECCE across public, private, and voluntary sectors, extending beyond ICDS.
- The India Newborn Action Plan (2014) aims to reduce preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths through strategic interventions across six pillars.
- The National Education Policy 2020 proposes the incorporation of ECCE into the formal education system, introducing a new 5+3+3+4 structure with ECCE integrated into the Foundational Stage encompassing Pre-School and classes 1 and 2.
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q4. Which of the following statements accurately describes the historical neglect of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECCE) in India?
A. ECCE has been consistently prioritized in government policies and budget allocations since its inception. B. ECCE is primarily considered the responsibility of the government, leading to adequate investment and infrastructure development. C. Perception issues have resulted in ECCE being undervalued and trivialized, hindering its recognition as crucial for long-term development. D. Indian policy has historically focused on ECCE, leading to significant research and data availability to inform evidence-based decision-making.
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Q. Consider the following statements: (UPSC Prelims 2018)
1. As per the Right to Education (RTE) Act, to be eligible for appointment as a teacher in a State, a person would be required to possess the minimum qualification laid down by the concerned State Council of Teacher Education. 2. As per the RTE Act, for teaching primary classes, a candidate is required to pass a Teacher Eligibility Test conducted in accordance with the National Council of Teacher Education guidelines. 3. In India, more than 90% of teacher education institutions are directly under the State Governments. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 B. 2 only C. 1 and 3 D. 3 only Ans: B
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Answer 4: C Explanation: · The statement C accurately reflects the historical neglect of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECCE), which has been undervalued and trivialized, partly due to perception issues. · This initiative aims to address foundational literacy and numeracy, along with integrating nutrition with education in early childhood settings. · The importance of early childhood care and education (ECCE) is gaining recognition in India, with recent initiatives and budget allocations aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of ECCE services.
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Article 25 of the Indian Constitution in news
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus relevance: GS 2 ( Indian Constitution and his provision)
Context: Kerala High Court upholds caste criterion qualifying only Malayala Brahmins for Sabarimala chief priest post
Why in news
- The Kerala High Court recently observed that the fundamental right under Article 25 of the Constitution to enter a temple for worship does not give the right to any member of the Hindu community to perform the role of Archakas (priests).
Key Highlights
- A division bench of Justices Anil K Narendran and P G Ajithkumar gave the verdict on the pleas that contended that restricting the selection of the chief priest post in such a way constituted untouchability and was violative of rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India.
- “The right protected under Article 25(2)(b) of the Constitution is the right to enter a temple and worship.
- This right is not absolute and unlimited in character.
- No member of Hindu public could claim as part of the rights protected under Article 25(2)(b) that a temple must be kept open for worship at all hours of the day and night or that they could perform the services which the archakas alone could perform,” the court said.
About Article 25 of the Indian Constitution
- Article 25 says that all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion. The implications of these are:
- Freedom of conscience: Inner freedom of an individual to mould his relation with God or Creatures in whatever way he desires.
- Right to profess: Declaration of one’s religious beliefs and faith openly and freely.
- Right to practice: Performance of religious worship, rituals, ceremonies, and exhibition of beliefs and ideas.
- Right to propagate: Transmission and dissemination of one’s religious beliefs to others or exposition of the tenets of one’s religion.
- But it does not include the right to convert another person to one’s religion. Forcible conversions impinge on the ‘freedom of conscience’ guaranteed to all persons alike.
- Thus, Article 25 covers not only religious beliefs (doctrines) but also religious practices (rituals).
- Moreover, these rights are available to all persons–citizens as well as non-citizens.
- However, these rights are subject to public order, morality, health, and other provisions relating to fundamental rights.
- Further, nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any existing law or prevent the State from making any law to:
- Regulate or restrict any economic, financial, political, or other secular activity associated with religious practice;
- provide for social welfare and reform, or throw open Hindu religious institutions of a public character to all classes and sections of Hindus;
- Article 25 also contains two explanations: one, the wearing and carrying of kirpans is to be included in the profession of the Sikh religion; and two, the Hindus, in this context, include Sikhs, Jains, and Buddhists.
- R. Bommai v. Union of India, AIR 1994 SC 1918
- The 9 judge bench, in this case, ruled that Secularism is the basic feature of the Constitution of India.
- It also observed that religion and politics cannot be mixed together.
- If the State follows unsecular policies or courses of action then it acts contrary to the constitutional mandate. In a State, all are equal and should be treated equally. Religion has no place in the matters of State.
Hasan Ali v. Mansoor Ali case
- Bombay High Court in Hasan Ali v. Mansoor Ali case held that Articles 25 and Article 26 not only prevents doctrines or beliefs of religion but also the acts done in pursuance of religion. It thus guarantees ceremonies, modes of worship, rituals, observances, etc which are an integral part of religion.
- What is the essential or integral part of a religion has to be determined in the light of the doctrines and practices that are regarded by the community as a part of their religion and also must be included in them
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q5 Consider the following statements :
1. Article 25 of the Indian Constitution grants freedom to manage religious affairs, ensuring autonomy in matters related to religious practices and institutions. 2. Secularism is the basic feature of the Constitution of India. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
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Q. Under the Indian constitution concentration of wealth violates (UPSC Prelims 2021)
A. The Right to Equality B. The Directive Principles of State Policy C. The Right to Freedom D. The Concept of Welfare Answer : B
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| Answer 5– A
Explanation · Article 25 of the Indian Constitution promotes religious freedom and encompasses the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate any religion. · Article 26 of the Indian Constitution grants freedom to manage religious affairs, ensuring autonomy in matters related to religious practices and institutions. So, the statement 1 is incorrect. · The 9-judge bench, in S. R. Bommai v. Union of India, AIR 1994 SC 1918 case, ruled that Secularism is the basic feature of the Constitution of India. It also observed that religion and politics cannot be mixed together. So, the statement 2 is correct. · Hence option A is correct answer. |
Lancet study shows obesity rates going up across world
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Syllabus relevance: GS 3 (Health, Reports)
Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) says that obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally
Why in news
- According to a Lancet article published in 2024, the prevalence of obesity has increased when combined with underweight or thinness.
Country has the highest obesity rate in the world
- According to Wisevoter, Nauru is the most obese country in the world, with 61% of its adult population affected by obesity. Other countries with high obesity rates include:
- Palau: 85.1%
- Cook Islands: 84.7%
- Marshall Islands: 83.5%
- Tuvalu: 81.9%
- Niue: 80%
- Kiribati: 78.7%
- Tonga: 78.5%
What country has the highest childhood obesity rate
- According to Worldmapper, the Pacific island states of Nauru and Palau have the highest prevalence of childhood obesity, at more than 30%. Other countries with high childhood obesity rates include:
- Tonga
- Kiribati
- The Marshall Islands
- Kuwait
- Samoa
- The United States
- Micronesia
India rank in obesity
- According to a 2023 study by CER Bariatrics Tijuana, India has one of the top five obesity rates in the world.
- According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 23% of women and 22.1% of men in India are overweight based on BMI criteria.
- The survey also found that 40% of women and 12% of men are abdominally obese.
Is India the obesity capital of the world?
- According to a 2024 Lancet article, India is the third most obese country in the world, after the US and China.
- However, a 2019 estimate suggests that 16.9–36.3% of India’s population may have abdominal obesity.
- CNN has reported that India could become the world’s “diabetic capital” by 2025.
About Obesity
- According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is a health risk that involves the abnormal accumulation of fat. Obesity is a complex, chronic disease that can lead to poor health. It’s usually caused by eating too much and not moving enough.
- Obesity can increase the risk of many diseases, including: Diabetes, Heart disease, Some cancers.
- Obesity is the result of an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. It can be caused by:
- Consuming high amounts of energy, especially fat and sugars
- Not burning off the energy through exercise and physical activity
- The mechanical stress of carrying extra pounds
- Complex changes in hormones and metabolism
| CARE MCQ | UPSC PYQ |
| Q6. Consider the following statements:
1. According to World Health Organization (WHO), at least 2.8 million people die each year due to being overweight or obese. 2. According to Wisevoter, India has the highest obesity rate in the world, with 61% of its adult population affected by obesity. 3. According to the 2023 study by CER Bariatrics Tijuana, India is the most obese country in the world. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1 , 2 and 3
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With reference to Tuberculosis (TB), consider the following statements: ( UPSC Prelims 2017)
1. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2. It is a communicable disease. 3. India has launched the Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY), a Direct Benefit transfer scheme for TB patients. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1 , 2 and 3 Answer: D
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| Answer 6– B
Explanation · The World Health Organization (WHO) states that at least 2.8 million people die each year due to being overweight or obese. So, the statement 1 is correct. · According to Wisevoter, Nauru has the highest obesity rate in the world, with 61% of its adult population affected by obesity. So, the statement 2 is incorrect. · According to the 2023 study by CER Bariatrics Tijuana, India ranks as the third most obese country in the world, after US and China. So, the statement 3 is incorrect. · Hence option B is correct answer.
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